Cannabis, a Significant Risk Factor for Violent Behavior in the Early Phase Psychosis. Two Patterns of Interaction of Factors Increase the Risk of Violent Behavior: Cannabis Use Disorder and Impulsivity; Cannabis Use Disorder, Lack of Insight and Treatment Adherence

Moulin, Valérie; Baumann, Philipp S.; Gholam‐Rezaee, Mehdi; Alameda, Luis; Palix, Julie; Gasser, Jacques; Conus, Philippe

doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00294

Cited by 34 publications

(40 citation statements)

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“…At year 6, IQ was estimated with a 15-min version of the WAIS-III short form (20). Cannabis use is a well-known risk factor for violent behavior (5,7). Cannabis use in the past 12 months (yes/no) was measured with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview [CIDI (21)] at all three study visits.…”

Section: Outcome Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hostile behavior can decrease the quality of life and has been associated with poorer social functioning (2). Several demographic and clinical risk factors have been reported such as male sex, socioeconomic deprivation, cannabis use, suicidality and clinical symptoms such as impulsiveness and excitement (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8), although there are some differences between these studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aggressive Behavior, Hostility, and Associated Care Needs in Patients With Psychotic Disorders: A 6-Year Follow-Up Study

Faay¹,

Os²

2020

Front. Psychiatry

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Background: Hostility and aggressive behavior in patients with psychotic disorders are associated with demographic and clinical risk factors, as well as with childhood adversity and neglect. Care needs are an essential concept in clinical practice; care needs in the domain of safety for others reflect the actual problem the patient has. Hostility, aggressive behavior, and associated care needs, however, are often studied in retrospect.Method: In a sample of 1,119 patients with non-affective psychotic disorders, who were interviewed three times over a period of 6 years, we calculated the incidence of hostility, self-reported maltreatment to others and care needs associated with safety for other people (safety-to-others). Regression analysis was used to analyze the association between these outcomes and risk factors. The population attributable fraction (PAF) was used to calculate the proportion of the outcome that could potentially be prevented if previous expressions of adverse behavior were eliminated.Results: The yearly incidence of hostility was 2.8%, for safety-to-others 0.8% and for maltreatment this was 1.8%. Safety-to-others was associated with previous hostility and vice versa, but, assuming causality, only 18% of the safety-to-others needs was attributable to previous hostility while 26% was attributable to impulsivity. Hostility, maltreatment and safety-to-others were all associated with number of unmet needs, suicidal ideation and male sex. Hostility and maltreatment, but not safety-to-others, were associated with childhood adversity. Neither safety-to-others, maltreatment nor hostility were associated with premorbid adjustment problems.Conclusion: The incidence of hostility, self-reported aggressive behaviors, and associated care needs is low and linked to childhood adversity. Known risk factors for prevalence also apply to incidence and for care needs associated with safety for other people. Clinical symptoms can index aggressive behaviors years later, providing clinicians with some opportunity for preventing future incidents.Next to these three outcome measures, demographic items and known clinical and early risk factors were incorporated in the analysis.

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Section: Outcome Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aggressive Behavior, Hostility, and Associated Care Needs in Patients With Psychotic Disorders: A 6-Year Follow-Up Study

Faay¹,

Os²

2020

Front. Psychiatry

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“…Before the shooting, he had threatened an ex-girlfriend who lived out of state. Evidence indicates that at, while committing the attack, Cetin was shouting a woman's name [15][16][17].…”

Section: Marijuana Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many of these tragedies are committed by individuals who were paranoid and were consuming marijuana. It is very likely that marijuana played an active role in these people's paranoia, considering that the chemical composition of the drug has compounds that alter a person's perception of reality as mentioned below (Table 1, [17,[36][37][38]).…”

Section: Paranoia: Marijuana Inducedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During a psychotic episode, the perception of reality is altered to the point where an individual is unable to distinguish reality from hallucinations. Psychotic individual can also experience delusions (false beliefs), incoherent speech, inappropriate behavior, depression, anxiety, sleep problems, social withdrawal, lack of motivation, and difficulty functioning overall [16,17,37].…”

Section: Psychosis: Marijuana Inducedmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Cases of Marijuana and Violence

Miller

Ipeku

Oberbarnscheidt

2020

IJERPH

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Marijuana is the most consumed illicit drug in the world, with over 192 million users. Due to the current legalization push of marijuana in the United States, there has been a lack of oversight regarding its public health policies, as marijuana advocates downplay the drug's negative effects. This paper's approach is from a public health perspective, focusing specifically on the cases of violence amongst some marijuana users. Here, we present 14 cases of violence with chronic marijuana users that highlight reoccurring consequences of: marijuana induced paranoia (exaggerated, unfounded distrust) and marijuana induced psychosis (radical personality change, loss of contact with reality). When individuals suffering from pre-existing medical conditions use marijuana in an attempt to alleviate their symptoms, ultimately this worsens their conditions over time. Although marijuana effects depend on the individual's endocannabinoid receptors (which control behavioral functions, like aggression) and the potency level of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in the drug, scientifically documented links between certain marijuana users and violence do exist. Wider public awareness of the risks and side effects of marijuana, as well as a more prudent health policy, and government agency monitoring of the drug's composition, creation, and distribution, are needed and recommended. of cardiovascular diseases, and deterioration in health for individuals who have pre-existing mental health issues such as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, social anxiety, and depression [4][5][6].According to research studies, marijuana use causes aggressive behavior, causes or exacerbates psychosis, and produces paranoia. These effects have been illustrated through case studies of highly publicized incidents and heightened political profiles.These cases contain examples of repeated illustrations of aggression, psychosis and paranoia by marijuana users and intoxication. Ultimately, without the use and intoxication of marijuana, the poor judgment and misperceptions displayed by these individuals would not have been present, reducing the risk for actions that result in senseless deaths. Import to these assertions, is that the current marijuana is far more potent in THC concentrations, the psychoactive component. Accordingly, and demonstrated in direct studies, more potent marijuana results in a greater risk for paranoid thinking and psychosis. In turn, paranoid behavior increases the risk for paranoid behaviors and predictably associated with aggressive and violent behaviors.

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Psychopathy traits explain variance shared between features of substance use disorders and violence

Vincent,

Graupman,

McGarrigle

et al. 2024

Criminal Behav Ment Health

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BackgroundThere is a substantial research literature on identifying risk and protective factors for violence perpetration. Substance use disorders have long been identified as constituting a significant predictor of violent behaviour. Psychopathy traits have also been similarly recognised, but inter‐relationships between psychopathy traits, features of substance use disorders and violence have been little explored.AimsTo determine the degree to which shared variance between substance dependence symptoms and violence, as indicated by criminal charges for violent offences, among jailed men can be explained by psychopathy traits.MethodsFeatures of dependence on substances in three drug classes (alcohol, cannabis and cocaine) were assessed in a sample of 682 men in a county jail awaiting trial on criminal charges, many for violent offences. Statistical comparisons of zero‐order and partial correlations tested whether accounting for psychopathy total and facet scores, assessed by the Psychopathy Checklist‐Revised (PCL‐R), affected associations between substance dependence symptoms and violent charges.ResultsTotal PCL‐R scores accounted for a significant proportion of the shared variance between the history of criminal charges for violence offences and lifetime substance dependence symptoms in all three drug classes. At the facet level, controlling for ratings on the interpersonal and modified antisocial facets reduced the association between criminal charges for violent offences and symptoms of cocaine dependence; controlling for ratings on a modified antisocial facet also attenuated links between alcohol and cannabis dependence symptoms and history of charges for violent offences.ConclusionThese findings build on the sparse literature to date on the role of psychopathy traits on relationships between features of substance use disorders and violence. Given that the observed connection between substance dependence symptoms and charges for violent offences is partly accounted for by individual differences in psychopathy traits, and it follows that effective treatment for those traits may be useful, perhaps essential to reducing links between features of some substance use disorders and violent offending.

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Cannabis, a Significant Risk Factor for Violent Behavior in the Early Phase Psychosis. Two Patterns of Interaction of Factors Increase the Risk of Violent Behavior: Cannabis Use Disorder and Impulsivity; Cannabis Use Disorder, Lack of Insight and Treatment Adherence

Cited by 34 publications

References 78 publications

Aggressive Behavior, Hostility, and Associated Care Needs in Patients With Psychotic Disorders: A 6-Year Follow-Up Study

Aggressive Behavior, Hostility, and Associated Care Needs in Patients With Psychotic Disorders: A 6-Year Follow-Up Study

A Review of Cases of Marijuana and Violence

Psychopathy traits explain variance shared between features of substance use disorders and violence

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