Cannabinoids in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A randomised-controlled trial

Cooper, Ruth; Williams, Emma; Seegobin, Seth; Tye, Charlotte; Kuntsi, Jonna; Asherson, Philip

doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.05.005

Cited by 117 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The patient found relief for his ADHD symptoms, the cannabinoids offering reduced hyperactivity as well as improved focus, impulse control, and better frustration tolerance. This is in line with clinical studies on medical cannabis for ADHD [16-18]. In addition, the patient experienced other medical benefits that contributed to his overall wellbeing, especially with the combination of the high-dronabinol product Bedrocan® and the moderate-dronabinol/high-CBD product Bediol® [31].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…So far, there is only one controlled study on cannabis-based medication in ADHD [18]. A formal clinical trial in the UK treating adult ADHD patients with the Sativex Oromucosal Spray®, a cannabinoid medication containing a 1: 1 ratio of Δ9-THC to cannabidiol (CBD), found that despite there being no statistically significant difference in the primary outcome of cognitive performance and activity level (measured by QbTest), the overall trend was that the active group ( n = 15) achieved better results than the placebo group ( n = 15) and reported reduced hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms as well as improved emotional lability [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Medical Cannabis for Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Sociological Patient Case Report of Cannabinoid Therapeutics in Finland

Hupli¹

2018

Med Cannabis Cannabinoids

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This paper presents a detailed patient case report of a male patient who was diagnosed in adulthood (aged 33) with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and treated initially with immediate-release methylphenidate (Ritalin® 10 mg twice daily). After experiencing adverse effects from prolonged use of this medication and afterwards other medications that were prescribed as alternatives, the patient discovered that cannabinoid therapeutics (CT) had been experimented inside the EU area to treat patients with ADHD. Subsequently, he was evaluated by a physician in Germany (June 2010) who prescribed CT (Bedrocan®, Bediol®). A Finnish neurologist later confirmed the two prescribed medicines (Bedrocan®, October 2010; Bediol®, May 2011) in the patient’s own country of permanent residence (Finland). During a 5-year period of access, Bedrocan®, which mainly contains Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), was found to be helpful in alleviating the patient’s ADHD symptoms, in particular poor tolerance to frustration, outbursts of anger, boredom, and problems related to concentration. The second CT medication, Bediol®, which contains both Δ9-THC and the phytocannabinoid cannabidiol, was found to neutralize the excessive dronabinol effects of Bedrocan® as well as zo offer other medical benefits (e.g., improved sleep). In addition to the case report, this paper also offers a brief review of the literature surrounding the medical benefits of CT for AD(H)D, which includes observational studies, clinical case reports, and one randomized clinical experiment. This paper also briefly discusses the endocannabinoid system in relation to ADHD, although more preclinical and clinical research is warranted to establish the optimal levels of cannabinoids, terpenes, and dosing regimens, which vary between different ADHD patients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medical Cannabis for Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Sociological Patient Case Report of Cannabinoid Therapeutics in Finland

Hupli¹

2018

Med Cannabis Cannabinoids

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“…The low ASRS score subgroup stopped all ADHD medica-tions since MC treatment began more than the high ASRS score subgroup (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.85; P<0.05). Notably, anxiety scores were higher in the high ASRS score subgroup (median 10 [IQR 7-13]) than for the low ASRS score subgroup (4.5 [3][4][5][6][7]) (OR -0.9, 95% CI -1.5 to -0.31; P<0.01). Importantly, the low ASRS score subgroup consumed higher (28 [17-41] mg) monthly CBN doses than the high (15 [12-20] mg) ASRS score subgroup (OR 0.58, 95% CI -0.24 to 1.4; P<0.01).…”

Section: Adhd Symptoms Frequencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 These core symptoms typically manifest as restlessness, mind-wandering, emotional instability, and an inability to relax or concentrate. 7 Lower educational attainment and lower levels of employment are also reported in patients with adult ADHD. 8 Psychiatric conditions such as depression, anxiety, substance abuse disorder, and antisocial disorders are common psychiatric comorbidities in ADHD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cannabinoid and Terpenoid Doses are Associated with Adult ADHD Status of Medical Cannabis Patients

Hergenrather¹,

Aviram²,

Vysotski³

et al. 2020

Rambam Maimonides Med J

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Objective: The aim of this cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was to identify associations between the doses of cannabinoids and terpenes administered, and symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Medical Cannabis Treatment and ADHDRambam Maimonides Medical Journal 2 January 2020  Volume 11  Issue 1  e0001 Methods: Participants were adult patients licensed for medical cannabis (MC) treatment who also reported a diagnosis of ADHD by a physician. Data on demographics, ADHD, sleep, and anxiety were collected using self-report questionnaires. Data collected on MC treatment included administration route, cultivator, cultivar name, and monthly dose. Comparison statistics were used to evaluate differences in reported parameters between low (20-30 g, n=18) and high (40-70 g, n=35) MC monthly dose and low adult ADHD self-report scale (ASRS, 0-5) score (i.e. ≤3.17 score, n=30) or high ASRS score (i.e. ≥3.18 score, n=29) subgroups. Results:From the 59 patients that answered the questionnaire, MC chemovar could be calculated for 27 (45%) of them. The high MC monthly dose group consumed higher levels of most phyto-cannabinoids and terpenes, but that was not the case for all of the cannabis components. The high dose consumers and the ones with lower ASRS score reported a higher occurrence of stopping all ADHD medications. Moreover, there was an association between lower ASRS score subgroup and lower anxiety scores. In addition, we found an association between lower ASRS score and consumption of high doses of cannabinol (CBN), but not with ∆-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Conclusion:These findings reveal that the higher-dose consumption of MC components (phytocannabinoids and terpenes) is associated with ADHD medication reduction. In addition, high dosage of CBN was associated with a lower ASRS score. However, more studies are needed in order to fully understand if cannabis and its constituents can be used for management of ADHD.

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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Cannabis Use, and the Endocannabinoid System: A Scoping Review

Ryan,

Fruchtman,

Sparr‐Jaswa

et al. 2024

Developmental Psychobiology

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There is emerging evidence that the endocannabinoid system (ECS) plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of many psychiatric disorders, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Increasing evidence suggests that a number of neurobiological correlates between endogenous cannabinoid function and cognitive dysfunction are seen in ADHD, making the ECS a possible target for therapeutic interventions. Cannabis use and cannabis use disorder are more prevalent in individuals with ADHD, compared to the general population, and there is growing popular perception that cannabis is therapeutic for ADHD. However, the relationship between cannabis use and ADHD symptomology is poorly understood. Further understanding of the role of the ECS in ADHD pathophysiology and the molecular alterations that may be a target for treatment is needed. To further the science on this emerging area of research, this scoping review describes the preclinical and clinical evidence seeking to understand the relationship between the ECS and ADHD.

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Cannabinoids in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A randomised-controlled trial

Cited by 117 publications

References 51 publications

Medical Cannabis for Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Sociological Patient Case Report of Cannabinoid Therapeutics in Finland

Medical Cannabis for Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Sociological Patient Case Report of Cannabinoid Therapeutics in Finland

Cannabinoid and Terpenoid Doses are Associated with Adult ADHD Status of Medical Cannabis Patients

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Cannabis Use, and the Endocannabinoid System: A Scoping Review

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