Cannabinoid regulation in identified synapse of terrestrial snail

Lemak, M. S.; Bravarenko, N. I.; Bobrov, M. Yu.; Безуглов, В. В.; Ierusalimsky, Victor N.; Storozhuk, Maksim; Malyshev, Aleksey; Balaban, P. M.

doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05945.x

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…Although protostomal invertebrates lack orthologs for the vertebrate cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 (Elphick and Egertova 2005), agonists and antagonists for these receptors surprisingly exhibit cannabinoidspecific efficacy suggesting crossreactivity between vertebrate and invertebrate cannabinoid receptors (McPartland et al 2006;Lemak et al 2007;Rawls et al 2007;Li and Burrell 2009;Yuan and Burrell 2010a). In the leech, AM251 has been effective at preventing both LFS-induced synaptic depression and depression elicited by exogenous application of 2-AG (Li and Burrell 2009;Yuan and Burrell 2010a).…”

Section: Learning and Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Endocannabinoid transmitters are evolutionarily well conserved, with 2-AG being the most abundant endocannabinoid in the CNS of both vertebrates and invertebrates (Matias et al 2001;Elphick and Egertova 2005;Lehtonen et al 2008;Leung et al 2008). Furthermore, endocannabinoiddependent synaptic modulation has been observed in invertebrate nervous systems (Lemak et al 2007;Burrell 2009, 2010;Yuan and Burrell 2010a).…”

Section: Properties Of Ecb-ltdmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associative, bidirectional changes in neural signaling utilizing NMDA receptor- and endocannabinoid-dependent mechanisms

Li¹,

Burrell²

2011

Learn. Mem.

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Persistent, bidirectional changes in synaptic signaling (that is, potentiation and depression of the synapse) can be induced by the precise timing of individual pre-and postsynaptic action potentials. However, far less attention has been paid to the ability of paired trains of action potentials to elicit persistent potentiation or depression. We examined plasticity following the pairing of spike trains in the touch mechanosensory neuron (T cell) and S interneuron (S cell) in the medicinal leech. Long-term potentiation (LTP) of T to S signaling was elicited when the T-cell spike train preceded the S-cell train. An interval 0 to +1 sec between the T-and S-cell spike trains was required to elicit long-term potentiation (LTP), and this potentiation was NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-dependent. Long-term depression (LTD) was elicited when S-cell activity preceded T-cell activity and the interval between the two spike trains was 20.2 sec to 210 sec. This surprisingly broad temporal window involved two distinct cellular mechanisms; an NMDAR-mediated LTD (NMDAR-LTD) when the pairing interval was relatively brief (,21 sec) and an endocannabinoid-mediated LTD (eCB-LTD) when longer pairing intervals were used (21 to 210 sec). This eCB-LTD also required activation of a presynaptic transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV)-like receptor, presynaptic Ca 2+ release from intracellular stores and activation of voltage-gated Ca 2+ channels (VGCCs). These findings demonstrate that the pairing of spike trains elicits timing-dependent forms of LTP and LTD that are supported by a complex set of cellular mechanisms involving NMDARs and endocannabinoid activation of TRPV-like receptors.[Supplemental material is available for this article.]Associative forms of long-term neuroplasticity, as first proposed by Hebb (1949), depend on the temporal relationship between pre-and postsynaptic activity. Studies of spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) have provided experimental confirmation of this principle, specifically that in most connections long-term potentiation (LTP) is produced when a presynaptic action potential (or spike) precedes the postsynaptic spike, whereas long-term depression (LTD) is produced when the order is reversed (see review by Caporale and Dan 2008). In addition to the temporal order being important in determining the sign of the synaptic change, temporal proximity is also critical in that the time between the pre-and postsynaptic activity must be sufficiently brief, usually ,40 msec, to support potentiation or depression.It has been noted that the time intervals between pre-and postsynaptic activity that support STDP are not as long as those observed in many associative learning experiments, in which interstimulus intervals on the scale of seconds can be used to elicit successful conditioning (Drew and Abbott 2006). Most studies of STDP involve pairing single pre-and postsynaptic spikes or brief bursts of two to three spikes; however, many neurons communicate using relatively long trains of action potentials that are tens...

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Section: Learning and Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Properties Of Ecb-ltdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associative, bidirectional changes in neural signaling utilizing NMDA receptor- and endocannabinoid-dependent mechanisms

Li¹,

Burrell²

2011

Learn. Mem.

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“…The first demonstration of an endogenous cannabinoid system in invertebrates was shown in Aplysia [99,101,125]. Consistent with mammalian models, isolated Aplysia buccal and parietovisceral ganglia showed depression in nerve cell excitability in response to the CB receptor partial agonist Δ 9 -THC [101,126,127]. The ganglia of this mollusc have been shown to contain measurable levels of anandamide, 2-AG, and NAPE [101,126,127].…”

Section: Molluscamentioning

confidence: 65%

The Endocannabinoid System and Invertebrate Neurodevelopment and Regeneration

Clarke¹,

Johnson²,

Simone³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Cannabis has long been used for its medicinal and psychoactive properties. With the relatively new adoption of formal medicinal cannabis regulations worldwide, the study of cannabinoids, both endogenous and exogenous, has similarly flourished in more recent decades. In particular, research investigating the role of cannabinoids in regeneration and neurodevelopment has yielded promising results in vertebrate models. However, regeneration-competent vertebrates are few, whereas a myriad of invertebrate species have been established as superb models for regeneration. As such, this review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the endocannabinoid system, with a focus on current advances in the area of endocannabinoid system contributions to invertebrate neurodevelopment and regeneration.

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“…It is interesting to note that while we speak in terms of percent homology of GPCRs across species; endogenous lipids are in essence, 100% homologous among species. N -arachidonoyl ethanolamine is an arachidonic acid conjugated to an ethanolamine in a snail [45] and a human. Therefore, the study of functional relevance of orphan lipids can be done in any species possessing that lipid and there is no need for species-specific reagents to do so.…”

Section: Deorphanizing Endogenous Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orphan endogenous lipids and orphan GPCRs: A good match

Bradshaw

Lee

McHugh

2009

Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators

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A large and growing family of over 70 endogenous lipids of the basic structure N-acyl amide has been identified during the last 10 years. Only a few of these lipids have been characterized for biological activity, however, those that have shown a wide range of activity may act at G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Like orphan GPCRs that are identified as being in the genome and expressed in tissue, the majority of these endogenous lipids many produced throughout the body, some predominately in nervous tissue, remain orphaned. Here, we give a brief history of these orphan lipids and highlight the activity of N-arachidonoyl glycine, and farnesyl pyrophosphate at the orphan receptors GPR18 and GPR92 respectively as well as summarizing the biological and pharmacological data for the recently identified N-palmitoyl glycine that suggests activity at a novel GPCR. Working to deorphanize both lipids and GPCRs together provides a unique opportunity for a greater understanding of cellular signaling and a challenge to find them all a home.

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Cannabinoid regulation in identified synapse of terrestrial snail

Cited by 15 publications

References 42 publications

Associative, bidirectional changes in neural signaling utilizing NMDA receptor- and endocannabinoid-dependent mechanisms

Associative, bidirectional changes in neural signaling utilizing NMDA receptor- and endocannabinoid-dependent mechanisms

The Endocannabinoid System and Invertebrate Neurodevelopment and Regeneration

Orphan endogenous lipids and orphan GPCRs: A good match

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