Cannabidiol: Recent advances and new insights for neuropsychiatric disorders treatment

Premoli, Marika; Aria, Francesca; Bonini, Sara Anna; Maccarinelli, Giuseppina; Gianoncelli, Alessandra; Pina, Silvia Della; Tambaro, Simone; Memo, Maurizio; Mastinu, Andrea

doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2019.03.053

Cited by 106 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…4,5 The primary cannabinoid of interest is CBD due to the tremendous amount of preclinical and human clinical research suggesting it may have utility in a range of inflammatory and neurologic disease processes. [6][7][8][9][10] Other cannabinoids can also be found in many of these preparations including Δ9-tetracannabinol (THC), Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ8-THC), cannabichromene (CBC), cannabinol (CBN), cannabigerol (CBG), cannabidivarin (CBDV), exo-THC, tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) and their derived acids such as cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), and tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA); as well as terpenes. Terpenes are a class of mono and dicyclical volatile compounds that lead to the aroma of the extract and may also have modest medicinal properties, but are typically found at lower concentrations than cannabinoids (less than 1% dry weight of plant material).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Cannabinoid, Terpene, and Heavy Metal Analysis of 29 Over-the-Counter Commercial Veterinary Hemp Supplements</p>

Wakshlag¹,

Cital²,

Eaton³

et al. 2020

VMRR

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Purpose: The use of veterinary low tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) Cannabis sativa (ie, hemp) products has increased in popularity for a variety of pet ailments. Low-THC Cannabis sativa is federally legal for sale and distribution in the USA, and the rise in internet commerce has provided access to interested consumers, with minimal quality control. Materials and Methods: We performed an internet word search of "hemp extract and dog" or "CBD product and dog" and analyzed 29 products that were using low-THC Cannabis sativa extracts in their production of supplements. All products were tested for major cannabinoids including cannabidiol (CBD), Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabigerol (CBG), and other minor cannabinoids, as well as their carboxylic acid derivatives (CBDA, THCA, CBGA) using an ISO/IEC 17025 certified laboratory. Products were also tested for major terpenes and heavy metals to understand constituents in the hemp plants being extracted and distributed. Results: All products were below the federal limit of 0.3% THC with variable amounts of CBD (0-88 mg/mL or g). Only two products did not supply a CBD or total cannabinoid concentration on their packaging or website, while 22/29 could supply a certificate of analysis (COA) from a third-party laboratory. Ten of the 27 products were within 10% of the total cannabinoid concentrations of their label claim with a median concentration of 93% of claims (0-154%). Heavy metal contamination was found in 4/29 products, with lead being the most prevalent contaminant (3/29). Conclusion: The products analyzed had highly variable concentrations of CBD or total cannabinoids with only 18 of 29 being appropriately labeled according to current FDA nonmedication, non-dietary supplement or non-food guidelines. Owners and veterinarians wanting to utilize CBD-rich Cannabis sativa products should be aware of low-concentration products and should obtain a COA enabling them to fully discuss the implications of use and calculated dosing before administering to pets.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Cannabinoid, Terpene, and Heavy Metal Analysis of 29 Over-the-Counter Commercial Veterinary Hemp Supplements</p>

Wakshlag¹,

Cital²,

Eaton³

et al. 2020

VMRR

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“…Cannabis sativa produces more than 100 phytocannabinoids and the biosynthesis of these substances depends on genomic background and specific environmental conditions [4]. Additionality, in humans, the use of C. sativa has shown a myriad of heterogeneous central and peripheral effects due to endocannabinoid system, whose receptors are scattered throughout the body.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic use of cannabis and cannabinoids: an evidence mapping and appraisal of systematic reviews

Montero‐Oleas

Arévalo-Rodríguez

Núñez-González

et al. 2020

BMC Complement Med Ther

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Background: Although cannabis and cannabinoids are widely used with therapeutic purposes, their claimed efficacy is highly controversial. For this reason, medical cannabis use is a broad field of research that is rapidly expanding. Our objectives are to identify, characterize, appraise, and organize the current available evidence surrounding therapeutic use of cannabis and cannabinoids, using evidence maps. Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library and CINAHL, to identify systematic reviews (SRs) published from their inception up to December 2017. Two authors assessed eligibility and extracted data independently. We assessed methodological quality of the included SRs using the AMSTAR tool. To illustrate the extent of use of medical cannabis, we organized the results according to identified PICO questions using bubble plots corresponding to different clinical scenarios. Results: A total of 44 SRs published between 2001 and 2017 were included in this evidence mapping with data from 158 individual studies. We extracted 96 PICO questions in the following medical conditions: multiple sclerosis, movement disorders (e.g. Tourette Syndrome, Parkinson Disease), psychiatry conditions, Alzheimer disease, epilepsy, acute and chronic pain, cancer, neuropathic pain, symptoms related to cancer (e.g. emesis and anorexia related with chemotherapy), rheumatic disorders, HIV-related symptoms, glaucoma, and COPD. The evidence about these conditions is heterogeneous regarding the conclusions and the quality of the individual primary studies. The quality of the SRs was moderate to high according to AMSTAR scores. Conclusions: Evidence on medical uses of cannabis is broad. However, due to methodological limitations, conclusions were weak in most of the assessed comparisons. Evidence mapping methodology is useful to perform an overview of available research, since it is possible to systematically describe the extent and distribution of evidence, and to organize scattered data.

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“…Additionally, clinical trials have shown that CBD, alone or as an add-on treatment, reduces seizure frequency in many patients with refractory epilepsy [53][54][55][56][57][58][59]. CBD seems to have multiple antiepileptic mechanisms of action, including antagonism of voltage-gated sodium, potassium, and calcium channels [45,60,61]. CBD has been demonstrated to preferentially inhibit resurgent current over transient current in hNav1.6 channels expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells, while also blocking the enhancement of persistent current by an epileptogenic hNav1.6 mutation [45].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Inhibition of Human Nav1.2 Resurgent and Persistent Sodium Currents by Cannabidiol and GS967

Mason

Cummins

2020

IJMS

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Many epilepsy patients are refractory to conventional antiepileptic drugs. Resurgent and persistent currents can be enhanced by epilepsy mutations in the Nav1.2 channel, but conventional antiepileptic drugs inhibit normal transient currents through these channels, along with aberrant resurgent and persistent currents that are enhanced by Nav1.2 epilepsy mutations. Pharmacotherapies that specifically target aberrant resurgent and/or persistent currents would likely have fewer unwanted side effects and be effective in many patients with refractory epilepsy. This study investigated the effects of cannbidiol (CBD) and GS967 (each at 1 μM) on transient, resurgent, and persistent currents in human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells stably expressing wild-type hNav1.2 channels. We found that CBD preferentially inhibits resurgent currents over transient currents in this paradigm; and that GS967 preferentially inhibits persistent currents over transient currents. Therefore, CBD and GS967 may represent a new class of more targeted and effective antiepileptic drugs.

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Cannabidiol: Recent advances and new insights for neuropsychiatric disorders treatment

Cited by 106 publications

References 87 publications

<p>Cannabinoid, Terpene, and Heavy Metal Analysis of 29 Over-the-Counter Commercial Veterinary Hemp Supplements</p>

<p>Cannabinoid, Terpene, and Heavy Metal Analysis of 29 Over-the-Counter Commercial Veterinary Hemp Supplements</p>

Therapeutic use of cannabis and cannabinoids: an evidence mapping and appraisal of systematic reviews

Differential Inhibition of Human Nav1.2 Resurgent and Persistent Sodium Currents by Cannabidiol and GS967

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