Canines with different pathologies as carriers of diverse lineages of Escherichia coli harbouring mcr-1 and clinically relevant β-lactamases in central Ecuador

Albán, Viviana; Núñez, Eduardo J; Zurita, Jeannete; Villacís, José E; Tamayo, Rafael; Sevillano, Gabriela; Villavicencio, Fernando; Calero-Cáceres, William

doi:10.1016/j.jgar.2020.05.017

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Other studies in Ecuador have also found differing prevalence rates, depending on the source. For example, a low prevalence was found in dogs, at 25% ( 11 ), and irrigation water, at 18% ( 13 ), whereas in chickens rates of more than 95% were found ( 12 , 25 ). We do not have a clear explanation for why there are differences, but diet, animal husbandry practices and the environment might play a part.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2016, Ortega-Paredes et al reported the first clinical isolate of colistin-resistant E.coli harboring the mcr-1 gene in Ecuador in an adolescent with appendicitis ( 10 ). Since then, studies of animals on rural farms where there is extensive use of colistin as a growth promoter have shown widespread distribution of colistin-resistant E.coli , with a high proportion of isolates containing mcr-1 genes ( 11 – 13 ). With the growing importance of the One Health concept, documenting the prevalence of colistin-resistance genes in both humans and animals in Ecuador is critical to establish a baseline of how far the mcr genes have dispersed ( 14 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Colistin resistance in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in humans and backyard animals in Ecuador

Bastidas-Caldes

Guerrero-Freire

Ortuño-Gutiérrez³

et al. 2023

Revista Panamericana De Salud Pública

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Objective. Colistin is an antibiotic of last resort for treating serious Gram-negative bacterial infections. However, the misuse of colistin, especially as an animal growth promoter, has contributed to increasing antimicrobial resistance, mediated mainly through plasmid transfer of the mcr-1 gene. This study assessed the prevalence of phenotypic and molecular colistin resistance in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Ecuador in healthy humans and their chickens and pigs. Methods. Fecal samples were collected from humans and their chickens and pigs in two rural coastal and Amazon regions between April and August 2020. Gram-negative bacteria were isolated and identified using conventional techniques. Phenotypic resistance was determined using the broth microdilution technique, and the mcr-1 gene was detected using conventional polymerase chain reaction. Results. A total of 438 fecal samples were obtained from 137 humans, 147 pigs and 154 chickens. The prevalence of E. coli isolates was 86.3% (378/438) and K. pneumoniae, 37.4% (164/438). Overall, the mcr-1 gene was found in 90% (340/378) of E. coli isolates, with higher prevalences found in isolates from coastal regions (96.5%, 191/198), humans (95.6%, 111/116) and chickens (91.8%, 123/134); for K. pneumoniae, the gene was found in 19.5% (32/164) of isolates, with equal distribution between regions and hosts. Only four isolates, two E. coli and two K. pneumoniae, showed phenotypic resistance: mcr-1 was present in both E. coli strains but absent in the K. pneumoniae strains. Conclusions. Despite a low prevalence of phenotypic resistance to colistin, the high prevalence of the mcr-1 gene in E. coli is of concern. Ecuador’s ban on using colistin in animal husbandry must be enforced, and continual monitoring of the situation should be implemented.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Colistin resistance in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in humans and backyard animals in Ecuador

Bastidas-Caldes

Guerrero-Freire

Ortuño-Gutiérrez³

et al. 2023

Revista Panamericana De Salud Pública

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“…This laboratory serves as a support for the country’s hospital network in the characterization of human pathogens. In addition, the laboratory collaborates with Ecuadorian universities by complementing specific analyses for characterization of antimicrobial resistance using both phenotypic and genotypic methods, which allows enhanced pathogen surveillance ( 14 , 15 ). The laboratories of the Agency for Phytosanitary and Zoosanitary Regulation and Control (Agencia de Regulación y Control Fito y Zoosanitario AGROCALIDAD) are the reference laboratory in Ecuador for pathogen characterization in the animal sector.…”

Section: Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance and One Health In Ecuadormentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole-genome sequencing for surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in Ecuador: present and future implications

Calero-Cáceres

Ortuño-Gutiérrez²,

Sunyoto

et al. 2023

Revista Panamericana De Salud Pública

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Whole-genome sequencing is becoming the gold standard for pathogen characterization and offers considerable advantages for understanding the evolution and dissemination of new determinants of antimicrobial resistance. Despite the benefits of whole-genome sequencing for pathogen characterization, implementation costs and lack of expertise may limit its use by public health laboratories. This article reviews the advantages of whole-genome sequencing for pathogen characterization and the current status of the use of whole-genome sequencing for antimicrobial resistance surveillance in Ecuador. A roadmap is suggested for including whole-genome sequencing for pathogen characterization based on the needs of the health reference institutions through alliances with Ecuadorian universities. Establishing a partnership between public health institutions and academia would be valuable for clinicians, policy-makers, and epidemiologists who could then take reasonable measures in those areas and establish a basis for adapting One Health strategies to tackle antimicrobial resistance in Ecuador.

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“…In addition, two studies from Ecuador reported the isolation of mcr-1-producing E. coli ST1630 and ST2170 (from rectal swabs) and ST162, ST1196, and ST744 (fecal samples). The rectal swab isolates harbored the gene on a transferable IncI2 plasmid [95], and fecal isolates co-expressed bla CTX-M-55 and bla CTX-M-65 ESBLs [96]. In South Korea, mcr-1-positive E. coli ST162 was isolated from diarrhea.…”

Section: Mcr Genes In Dogsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobile Colistin Resistance (mcr) Genes in Cats and Dogs and Their Zoonotic Transmission Risks

et al. 2022

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Background: Pets, especially cats and dogs, represent a great potential for zoonotic transmission, leading to major health problems. The purpose of this systematic review was to present the latest developments concerning colistin resistance through mcr genes in pets. The current study also highlights the health risks of the transmission of colistin resistance between pets and humans. Methods: We conducted a systematic review on mcr-positive bacteria in pets and studies reporting their zoonotic transmission to humans. Bibliographic research queries were performed on the following databases: Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Microsoft Academic, and Web of Science. Articles of interest were selected using the PRISMA guideline principles. Results: The analyzed articles from the investigated databases described the presence of mcr gene variants in pets including mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-4, mcr-5, mcr-8, mcr-9, and mcr-10. Among these articles, four studies reported potential zoonotic transmission of mcr genes between pets and humans. The epidemiological analysis revealed that dogs and cats can be colonized by mcr genes that are beginning to spread in different countries worldwide. Overall, reported articles on this subject highlight the high risk of zoonotic transmission of colistin resistance genes between pets and their owners. Conclusions: This review demonstrated the spread of mcr genes in pets and their transmission to humans, indicating the need for further measures to control this significant threat to public health. Therefore, we suggest here some strategies against this threat such as avoiding zoonotic transmission.

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Canines with different pathologies as carriers of diverse lineages of Escherichia coli harbouring mcr-1 and clinically relevant β-lactamases in central Ecuador

Cited by 8 publications

References 3 publications

Colistin resistance in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in humans and backyard animals in Ecuador

Colistin resistance in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in humans and backyard animals in Ecuador

Whole-genome sequencing for surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in Ecuador: present and future implications

Mobile Colistin Resistance (mcr) Genes in Cats and Dogs and Their Zoonotic Transmission Risks

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