Canine visceral leishmaniasis: Incidence and risk factors for infection in a cohort study in Brazil

Coura‐Vital, Wendel; Reis, Alexandre Barbosa; Reis, Levi Eduardo Soares; Braga, Samuel Leôncio; Roatt, Bruno Mendes; Aguiar-Soares, Rodrigo Dian de Oliveira; Marques, Marcos José; Veloso, Vanja Maria; Carneiro, Mariângela

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.07.031

Cited by 27 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…However, we observed that only one infected dog from the asymptomatic I group was detected. These animals have high prevalence and incidence rates in areas where CVL is endemic, and CVL is not detected by conventional serology methods (22,29) or by flow cytometry serology, as demonstrated in the current study. We believe that the low sensitivity observed in detecting CVL in this group is due to the immunological profile shown by these dogs that were characterized by having low production of Ig antibodies (IgG, IgG1, IgG2, IgM, IgA, and IgE), which occurs in the early stages of infection (10,18,28).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Evaluation of a Prototype Flow Cytometry Test for Serodiagnosis of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis

Ker

Coura‐Vital

Aguiar-Soares

et al. 2013

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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g Diagnosing canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is a critical challenge since conventional immunoserological tests still present some deficiencies. The current study evaluated a prototype flow cytometry serology test, using antigens and fluorescent antibodies that had been stored for 1 year at 4°C, on a broad range of serum samples. Noninfected control dogs and Leishmania infantum-infected dogs were tested, and the prototype test showed excellent performance in differentiating these groups with high sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy (100% in all analyses). When the CVL group was evaluated according to the dogs' clinical status, the prototype test showed outstanding accuracy in all groups with positive serology (asymptomatic II, oligosymptomatic, and symptomatic). However, in dogs which had positive results by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) but negative results by conventional serology (asymptomatic I), serological reactivity was not observed. Additionally, sera from 40 dogs immunized with different vaccines (Leishmune, Leish-Tec, or LBSap) did not present serological reactivity in the prototype test. Eighty-eight dogs infected with other pathogens (Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania braziliensis, Ehrlichia canis, and Babesia canis) were used to determine cross-reactivity and specificity, and the prototype test performed well, particularly in dogs infected with B. canis and E. canis (100% and 93.3% specificities, respectively). In conclusion, our data reinforce the potential of the prototype test for use as a commercial kit and highlight its outstanding performance even after storage for 1 year at 4°C. Moreover, the prototype test efficiently provided accurate CVL serodiagnosis with an absence of false-positive results in vaccinated dogs and minor cross-reactivity against other canine pathogens.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Evaluation of a Prototype Flow Cytometry Test for Serodiagnosis of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis

Ker

Coura‐Vital

Aguiar-Soares

et al. 2013

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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“…These studies involved different designs with different diagnostic techniques (QUINNELL et al, 2001(QUINNELL et al, , 2003(QUINNELL et al, , 2013FRANÇA-SILVA et al, 2005;OLIVA et al, 2006;CARSON et al, 2009;GRIMALDI et al, 2012a;COURA-VITAL et al, 2013), and this makes comparisons with the data presented here more difficult.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Serological, parasitological and molecular tests for canine visceral leishmaniosis diagnosis in a longitudinal study

Nunes

Lima

Melo

et al. 2015

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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One of the measures to control visceral leishmaniosis (VL) in Brazil is the identification and culling of the canine reservoir. There is much controversy concerning this strategy, including the proper identification of positive dogs and the fact that the host-parasite relationship changes over time make it more challenging. A dynamic cohort of 62 dogs was followed every three months using serological and parasitological examinations and PCR. Positivity by PCR was higher than by serology and by parasitological examinations and showed a tendency to decrease over time, while serology tended to increase after six months. Concomitant positivity in all tests was observed in 10.4% of the samples, and negativity in 29.1%. Overall sensitivity ranged from 43.6 to 64.1%, and was not uniform over time. The proportion of dogs with or without clinical signs was not different by cytology or PCR but PCR was able to identify a larger number of asymptomatic dogs compared to ELISA and immunochromatography. PCR can be useful for surveillance of areas where cases of canine VL have not yet been detected and in which control strategies can be implemented to limit the spread of the disease. Despite the advance in diagnostic tools CVL diagnosis remains a challenge.

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“…A correlação entre casos humanos e flebotomíneos foi considerada alta (r= 0,7469), demonstrando que a presença do vetor é um fator de risco para a transmissão da doença. A alta prevalência da LV em áreas urbanas pode ser atribuída à alta densidade populacional, o aumento da imigração, as alterações ambientais, as condições de vida inadequadas, e a presença de vetores e reservatórios no ambiente doméstico (Coura-Vital et al 2013).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Epidemiologia da leishmaniose visceral no município de Fortaleza, Ceará

Rodrigues

Melo

Júnior³

et al. 2017

Pesq. Vet. Bras.

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RESUMO.-O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar os dados relacionados à transmissão da leishmaniose visceral (LV), no município de Fortaleza, e discutir a respeito da distribuição do vetor, reservatório doméstico e casos humanos ocorridos no The objective was to analyze the data relating to the transmission of visceral leishmaniasis (LV) in Fortaleza municipality, and discuss about the vector distribution, domestic reservoir and human cases from 2009 to 2013.This study is descriptive conducted through a survey of secondary data. The correlation between human and canine cases and sandflies number was taken by Spearman correlation test, with 5% significance level. In the period 2009 to 2013, 941 cases and 55 deaths were confirmed. The mortality rate for the period was 5.84%. There was a higher proportion of cases among men in all the years analyzed. The age group 1-4 years old had the highest percentage of cases, highlighting the year 2010 with 31.5% of the cases. The average distribution of cases by SER demonstrated a predominance in SER I, V and VI. With regard to the vector species found in greater abundance was Lutzomyia (Lutzomyia) longipalpis, followed by Lutzomyia (Lutzomyia) migonei and Lutzomyia (Lutzomyia) lenti. According to the records, 39,626 dogs were serum reagents for LV in the years 2009-2013, these 14,313 were killed. The year 2013 stood out with 17,808 dogs serum reagents, and 1,273 of SER III, 2572 of SER V and 1909 of SER VI. There was no significant correlation between the number of sand flies and the number of canine VL cases (p>0.05). There was a negative correlation between human and canine cases (r = -0.0388) and correlation was observed between human cases and number of sand flies (r= 0.7469). Our findings create prospects for the identification of other factors that may influence the incidence of human and canine cases, such as the participation of other possible reservoirs and vectors in the transmission of the visceral leishmaniasis in Fortaleza.

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Canine visceral leishmaniasis: Incidence and risk factors for infection in a cohort study in Brazil

Cited by 27 publications

References 39 publications

Evaluation of a Prototype Flow Cytometry Test for Serodiagnosis of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis

Evaluation of a Prototype Flow Cytometry Test for Serodiagnosis of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis

Serological, parasitological and molecular tests for canine visceral leishmaniosis diagnosis in a longitudinal study

Epidemiologia da leishmaniose visceral no município de Fortaleza, Ceará

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