Canine visceral leishmaniasis: Asymptomatic infected dogs as a source of L. infantum infection

Moshfe, Abdolali; Mohebali, Mehdi; Edrissian, Gh.H.; Zarei, Zabihollah; Akhoundi, Behnaz; Kazemi, Bahram; Jamshidi, Shahram; Mahmoodi, Mahmood

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2009.07.004

Cited by 73 publications

(64 citation statements)

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“…Based on previous studies in endemic areas of CVL in Iran, 13-24 % of infected dogs had clinical manifestations thus, almost 75 % of infected dogs were asymptomatic (Mohebali et al 2005;Mohebali et al 2011). Based on study carried out by (Moshfe et al 2009), asymptomatic dogs had potential role of transmission of L. infantum to susceptible hosts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Canine visceral leishmaniasis: seroprevalence survey of asymptomatic dogs in an endemic area of northwestern Iran

et al. 2013

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Canine visceral leishmaniasis is a major public health problem that is endemic in tropical and sub tropical countries and is fatal in humans and dogs. In addition to symptomatic dogs, asymptomatic ones seem as source of Leishmania infantum infection. Thus surveillance and control programs of reservoir hosts are essential. This study aimed to evaluate the sero-prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis in asymptomatic domestic dogs from in an endemic area of north west, Iran. A cross sectional study was carried out in Meshkin-Shahr district during 2011-2012. Blood samples collected from 508 asymptomatic domestic dogs were tested by direct agglutination test. In this study 508 dogs (397 males and 111 females, mean age, 3.24 years) from western and eastern parts of the MeshkinShahr were examined. A total of 508 dogs examined 119 dogs (23.4 %) had antibodies (titers of C1:320) against L. infantum. Statistically significance was occurred between male (25.4 %) and female (16.2) sero-prevalence (P = 0.042). No statistically significance was observed between age groups (P = 0.22). Compared with previous studies it seems to increase sero-prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis in dogs in the studied areas caused by ecological changes. High proportion of asymptomatic but seropositive dogs emphasizes the importance of dogs without clinical signs in the epidemiology of zoonotic leishmaniasis. Thus, the necessity of using serological tests in asymptomatic dogs is recommended for disease control strategy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to symptomatic dogs, asymptomatic ones are also as source of Leishmania infantum infection (Moshfe et al 2009;Cortes et al 2012). Thus surveillance and control programs of reservoir hosts are essential (Silva et al 2012;Tesh 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine visceral leishmaniasis: seroprevalence survey of asymptomatic dogs in an endemic area of northwestern Iran

et al. 2013

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“…sheepdogs, guard dogs and stray dogs) (Edrissian et al, 1988;Mirsamadi et al, 2003;Moshfe et al, 2008;Salahi-Moghaddam et al, 2010;Rajabi et al, 2012). The Meshkin-Shahr district in the Ardabil province is one of the most important endemic zones for VL in north-western Iran (SalahiMoghaddam et al, 2010) and the Iranian Ministry of Health (MoH) records indicate that the number of VL infections has noticeably increased in this and neighbouring districts during the last decade (Soleimanzadeh et al, 1993;Tamook et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental modelling of visceral leishmaniasis by susceptibility-mapping using neural networks: a case study in north-western Iran

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a potentially fatal vector-borne zoonotic disease, which has become an increasing public health problem in the north-western part of Iran. This work presents an environmental health modelling approach to map the potential of VL outbreaks in this part of the country. Radial basis functional link networks is used as a data-driven method for predictive mapping of VL in the study area. The high susceptibility areas for VL outbreaks account for 36.3% of the study area and occur mainly in the north (which may affect the neighbouring countries) and South (which is a warning for other provinces in Iran). These parts of the study area have many nomadic, riverside villages. The overall accuracy of the resultant map was 92% in endemic villages. Such susceptibility maps can be used as reconnaissance guides for planning of effective control strategies and identification of possible new VL endemic areas.

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“…Dogs play an important role in the epidemiology of this disease, acting as reservoirs of the parasite. Even asymptomatic dogs can transmit the infection to humans through an arthropod vector (MOSHFE et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum and Leishmania infantum in dogs from Piauí

Lopes

Mendonça

Fortes

et al. 2011

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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This study aimed to evaluate the presence of antibodies against Neospora caninum, Toxoplasma gondii and Leishmania infantum in dogs attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Piauí, Northeastern Brazil, where there are no reports of the occurrence of N. caninum and T. gondii in dogs. Serum samples from 530 dogs of genders, different ages and breeds from the municipality of Teresina and nearby towns were analyzed using three indirect fluorescent antibody tests, each one targeting one of the three agents. The associations between the parasites and gender, breed and age of the dogs were assessed by the chi-square test (p > 0.05). The occurrence of antibodies to N. caninum, T. gondii and L. infantum was 3.2, 18.0 and 78.1%, respectively. Toxoplasma gondii was more frequently found in older dogs (p < 0.05) whereas L. infantum was more common in animals aged between 1 to 3 years (p < 0.05). In order to evaluate potential associations between the presence of anti-N. caninum and anti-T. gondii antibodies and Leishmania infection, 240 dogs were selected (120 positive and 120 negative for Leishmania spp.), based on serological and parasitological diagnoses. No association was found between Leishmania spp. and the coccidian parasites (p > 0.05). The results confirm the exposure of dogs to these parasites in the State of Piauí.Keywords: Leishmania infantum, Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Piauí, dogs. ResumoEste estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a presença de anticorpos contra Neospora caninum, Toxoplasma gondii e Leishmania infantum em cães atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, onde não há relatos de ocorrência de N. caninum e T. gondii em cães. Amostras de soro de 530 cães de ambos os sexos, diferentes idades e raças do município de Teresina e cidades vizinhas, foram analisados utilizando três testes de imunofluorescência indireta para cada um dos três agentes. Associação entre os parasitas e o sexo, a raça e a idade dos cães foram analisadas pelo teste do qui-quadrado (p > 0,05). Ocorrência de anticorpos para N. caninum, T. gondii e L. infantum foi de 3,2, 18,0 e 78,1%, respectivamente. Toxoplasma gondii foi mais freqüente em cães mais velhos (p > 0,05), enquanto L. infantum apresentou maior freqüência em animais com idade entre um e três anos (p > 0,05). Para avaliar possíveis associações entre a presença de anticorpos anti-N. caninum e anti-T. gondii com infecção por Leishmania, outros 240 cães foram selecionados, sendo 120 positivos e 120 negativos para leishmaniose, por métodos parasitológicos e sorológicos. Nenhuma associação foi encontrada entre a positividade para Leishmania e para os coccídios (p > 0,05). Os resultados confirmam a exposição de cães a esses parasitas no Estado do Piauí.

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Canine visceral leishmaniasis: Asymptomatic infected dogs as a source of L. infantum infection

Cited by 73 publications

References 24 publications

Canine visceral leishmaniasis: seroprevalence survey of asymptomatic dogs in an endemic area of northwestern Iran

Canine visceral leishmaniasis: seroprevalence survey of asymptomatic dogs in an endemic area of northwestern Iran

Environmental modelling of visceral leishmaniasis by susceptibility-mapping using neural networks: a case study in north-western Iran

Presence of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum and Leishmania infantum in dogs from Piauí

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