Canine trypanosomiasis in an endemic Costa Rican community: Demonstration of the active infection cycle

Bonilla, Marta C.; Castro-Vásquez, Ruth; Herrero-Acosta, Marco Vinicio; Urbina-Villalobos, Andrea; Dolz, Gaby

doi:10.1016/j.vprsr.2019.100307

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Multi-organ involvement is normal for patients with intense trypanosomiasis, as pointed out by Büscher et al [4]. They therefore need in-depth levels of clinical care; intermittently this may include hemodialysis and automatic aeration in order for them to survive [2,5,24].…”

Section: Management Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trypanosomiasis: Recent advances in strategies for control

Kayode¹,

Lele²,

Kayode³

2020

Glob J Infect Dis Clin Res

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Trypanosomiasis is numbered among the list of seventeen transmissible diseases and is associated with poor socio-economic status. Trypanosomiasis is referred to as a neglected tropical disease (NTDs) by the World Health Organization, due to its limited diagnostic and treatment development, with yet poor control measures. Three diseases of parasitic origin emanate due to genetically connected protozoa, trypanosomatid and kinetoplastida. They are the basis of many public health challenges in the less developed world and include American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease), Human African Trypanosomiasis and Leishmaniasis. This review emphasizes Trypanosomiasis in general, the lifecycle, biochemistry of parasite infection, disease treatment and management. Prevention options, the biochemistry of drug resistance and novel treatment of disease are among subjects considered.

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Section: Management Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense or Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. mechanism, its trigger is the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi [5], which is prevalent in Latin America [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trypanosomiasis: Recent advances in strategies for control

Kayode¹,

Lele²,

Kayode³

2020

Glob J Infect Dis Clin Res

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“…Dogs are a link in the chain between sylvatic and domestic transmission cycles [ 16 – 21 ] and have been described as an important domestic reservoir of T. cruzi in several Latin American countries, including Mexico [ 18 , 22 ], Peru [ 23 ], Venezuela [ 24 ], Costa-Rica [ 25 ], Paraguay [ 19 , 26 ], Bolivia [ 27 ], Argentina [ 21 ], Chile [ 28 ], Ecuador [ 29 ] and Brazil [ 16 , 30 ]. In addition, T. infestans has been reported to have a preference to feed on dog blood than on chicken blood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insecticidal efficacy of fluralaner (Bravecto®) against Triatoma brasiliensis, a major vector of Trypanosoma cruzi in Brazil

et al. 2021

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Background Triatomines are responsible for the vector transmission of the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, which causes Chagas disease. Triatoma brasiliensis is the main vector of the parasite in Brazil, and dogs are an important reservoir of the parasite. The aim of this study was to evaluate the insecticidal effect of fluralaner (Bravecto®) on T. brasiliensis after a blood meal in treated dogs. Methods Healthy mongrel dogs (n = 8) were recruited from the Zoonoses Control Center (ZCC) in the city of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, and randomized into two groups, a fluralaner (Bravecto®)-treated group (n = 4) and a control group (n = 4). Colony-reared third-, fourth- and fifth-instar nymphs of T. brasiliensis nymphs (n = 10) were allowed to feed on dogs from both groups for 30–40 min, once monthly, for up to 12 months. Bug mortality was observed up to 5 days after each blood meal. Results Mortality in triatomines which had a blood meal on fluralaner (Bravecto®)-treated dogs was 100% for up to 7 months after treatment, with mortality decreasing to 66.4% after 8 months, 57% after 9 months, 35% after 10 months, 10% after 11 months and 0% after 12 months. The mortality of triatomines that fed on non-treated control dogs was always ≤ 2.5%. Conclusions Our results suggest that fluralaner (Bravecto®) treatment of dogs induces long-term mortality of T. brasiliensis after the blood meal. This is a potential approach to be used to control vector transmission of T. cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease, especially in endemic areas. Graphical Abstract

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“…The Trypanosoma cruzi can infect a wide range of mammal hosts, including domestic dogs. The natural infection of dogs living in the endemic areas, whether it is urban or rural, has been reported in Louisiana [7], Costa Rica [2] in regions of Colombia [15] and in the northeast of Brazil [18]. Papers have shown status indexes that vary from 0.3% to 22.7% all over Brazil [16,25,27,28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Infection by Trypanosoma cruzi in a Dog from Bahia State - Northeast of Brazil

Silva

Rodrigues

Ribeiro

et al. 2020

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Chagas Disease (CD) is a parasitic anthropozoonosis caused by the Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), a protozoan transmitted by insects from the Reduviidae family. Several species of wild and domestic animals, humans included, are susceptible, developing acute clinical signals (myocarditis and cardiac arrhythmias) or chronic signals (drop on the performance and syncope) of the disease. In Brazil, the disease in dogs shows variable indexes of occurrence. The present paper describes the natural infection by T. cruzi in a canine living in the city of Barra, in the state of Bahia, Brazil, a region classified as high risk of vulnerability for the CD in the northeast of Brazil.Case: A 9-year-old male dog, non-specific breed, was referred to the clinic the Veterinary Clinic for Small Animals, at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital), at the Federal University of the West of Bahia. Its owner reported the presence of bloody secretion in the penile region. During the physical exam it was possible to observe an increase in the volume of the penis base. All of the animal’s physiological parameters were within normal levels. Blood samples and cytological laminas from the lesioned area were collected and sent to the Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pathology in the same institution. The cytological exam showed monomorphic population of great round cells with a round nucleus, condensed chromatin and one to two prominent nucleolus, abundant and slightly basophilic cytoplasm, with multiple stippled vacuoles, thus confirming a Transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) case. With the blood exam one observed a thrombocytopenia, neutrophilia with a deviation on the left and the presence of a trypomastigote form of Trypanosoma sp. in the blood smears. A complete blood sample was sent to the Laboratory of Pathology and Molecular Biology from the Fiocruz-BA (Oswaldo Cruz Foundation in the State of Bahia), being identified by the PCR technique, T. cruzi.Discussion: During the complete blood count, specifically using the blood smear, the microscopic visualization of the trypomastigote form of the Trypanosoma sp., a hemoparasite of filiform aspect, with undulating membrane over the whole body and free flagellum, confirming a case of trypanosomiasis. Such diagnostics had not been considered up to this moment, as the animal did not present any clinic symptomatology that indicated the pathological condition. The high levels of parasitemia presented by the animal, confirmed by the presence of the protozoan in the blood smear, probably indicate the acute phase of the infection, period in which the multiplication and development of the agent is higher, consequently allowing the visualization of the hemoparasite in the lamina. Although the TVT had proved to be the main derogatory factor of sanity and wellbeing of the animal, one calls the attention in this case for the trypanosomiasis, a zoonosis that causes great risk to the sole health, highlighting that the canine species is taken as an important reservoir of T. cruzi, relevant for the maintenance and interaction among the domestic and wild cycles of the Chagas Disease. This is the first report of a canine naturally infected by T. cruzi in the west Region of the State of Bahia. It is, thus, important to emphasize its significance once dogs can be reservoirs of the protozoan, acting in their life cycle and epidemiological chain of the Chagas Disease, enabling the infection of triatomines and humans. Future studies should be done with the purpose of determining the predominance of the agent in the region of the city of Barra, in the State of Bahia.

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Canine trypanosomiasis in an endemic Costa Rican community: Demonstration of the active infection cycle

Cited by 8 publications

References 30 publications

Trypanosomiasis: Recent advances in strategies for control

Trypanosomiasis: Recent advances in strategies for control

Insecticidal efficacy of fluralaner (Bravecto®) against Triatoma brasiliensis, a major vector of Trypanosoma cruzi in Brazil

Natural Infection by Trypanosoma cruzi in a Dog from Bahia State - Northeast of Brazil

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