Canine rabies: An epidemiological significance, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, and public health issues

Kumar, Ashok; Bhatt, Sonam; Kumar, Arun; Rana, Tanmoy

doi:10.1016/j.cimid.2023.101992

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…14C). The high mortality caused by RABV continues to be a significant public health concern (Kumar et al, 2023). These patterns of age- and sex-related differences in virus receptor expression in the human brain may provide some insights into vulnerability to infection and sex-specific treatments.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-Specific Development of ssRNA Virus Receptor Gene Expression in the Human Brain

Halabian,

Monteiro,

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Viral infection severity often varies with host factors such as age and sex. The pathogenesis of infections caused by a broad range of viruses, from neurotropic viruses like Rabies and Zika to respiratory viruses such as influenza and SARS-CoV-2, differ between the sexes and across the lifespan. Typically, older males are more susceptible to severe acute outcomes, while females are more vulnerable to the post-acute sequelae of infections. All of these complications can include neuroinflammation, stroke, cognitive dysfunction, and delirium. While these symptoms can be secondary to infection, recent studies suggest that even peripheral infections can lead to neuropathological changes in the brain. However, few studies have characterized the expression of viral receptors in the human brain or examined age- or sex-related differences in such expression. In this study, we used a publicly accessible transcriptomic database to assess the impact of age and sex on the expression of 67 viral host factor genes, associated with ten virus families. Analyzing data from 15 brain areas (n=33, F=14, M=19, age:4 mo-80 yrs), we determined the lifespan trajectory for each gene in each area via LOESS regressions. We used unsupervised hierarchical clustering to determine if a brain-wide pattern or virus family pattern can be detected. Using Dense-tSNE, a dimension-reduction and visualization technique, we discovered four distinct developmental trajectories, clustering the areas into two mixed-sex subcortical clusters and one each of male and female cortical clusters. Applying Differential Expression Sliding Window Analysis (DeSWAN), we identified the genes driving these age- and sex-related differences. Many sex differences were noted in childhood, potentially impacting the brain’s susceptibility to viral infections and underscoring a broader dimorphic organization of male and female brains. These insights contribute to our understanding of sex-specific responses to viral infections, offering the potential for more personalized treatment strategies.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-Specific Development of ssRNA Virus Receptor Gene Expression in the Human Brain

Halabian,

Monteiro,

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Before Pasteur’s discovery in 1885, there were no efficient preventive or therapeutic measures for diseased animals ( Gomes, 2021 ). In 1881, Pasteur proved the neurotropism of viruses ( Kumar et al , 2023 ). In 1885, Pasteur invented the innovation of giving rabies vaccine, before the structure and properties of the RABV were known ( Natesan et al , 2023 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The RABV’s structure was discovered by Remlinger and Riffat-Bay in 1903 ( Burrell et al , 2017 ). The RABV in wild animals first arose in red foxes ( Vulpes vulpes ) in the Kaliningrad region during the 1940s, and within a few decades, it spread to Western and Central Europe ( Kumar et al , 2023 ). The first oral rabies vaccine campaign for wildlife was launched in 1978, in Switzerland, followed by other European countries ( Nokireki et al , 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking lethal threat: In-depth review of rabies

Khairullah,

Kurniawan,

Hasib

et al. 2023

Open Vet J

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An infectious disease known as rabies (family Rhabdoviridae, genus Lyssavirus) causes severe damage to mammals’ central nervous systems (CNS). This illness has been around for a very long time. The majority of human cases of rabies take place in underdeveloped regions of Africa and Asia. Following viral transmission, the Rhabdovirus enters the peripheral nervous system and proceeds to the CNS, where it targets the encephalon and produces encephalomyelitis. Postbite prophylaxis requires laboratory confirmation of rabies in both people and animals. All warm-blooded animals can transmit the Lyssavirus infection, while the virus can also develop in the cells of cold-blooded animals. In the 21st century, more than 3 billion people are in danger of contracting the rabies virus in more than 100 different nations, resulting in an annual death toll of 50,000–59,000. There are three important elements in handling rabies disease in post exposure prophylaxis (PEP), namely wound care, administration of anti-rabies serum, and anti-rabies vaccine. Social costs include death, lost productivity as a result of early death, illness as a result of vaccination side effects, and the psychological toll that exposure to these deadly diseases has on people. Humans are most frequently exposed to canine rabies, especially youngsters and the poor, and there are few resources available to treat or prevent exposure, making prevention of human rabies challenging.

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Mathematical model to assess the impact of contact rate and environment factor on transmission dynamics of rabies in humans and dogs

Charles,

Masanja,

Torres

et al. 2024

Heliyon

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Canine rabies: An epidemiological significance, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, and public health issues

Cited by 4 publications

References 54 publications

Sex-Specific Development of ssRNA Virus Receptor Gene Expression in the Human Brain

Sex-Specific Development of ssRNA Virus Receptor Gene Expression in the Human Brain

Tracking lethal threat: In-depth review of rabies

Mathematical model to assess the impact of contact rate and environment factor on transmission dynamics of rabies in humans and dogs

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