Canine leishmaniasis surveillance in a northern Italy kennel

Baldelli, Raffaella; Piva, Silvia; Salvatore, D.; Parigi, Maria; Melloni, O.; Tamba, Marco; Bellini, Romeo; Poglayen, Giovanni

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.01.052

Cited by 36 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In the whole region, P. neglectus has not been found yet, although its presence is confirmed in other regions of northern Italy, such as Piedmont, Lombardy, and Veneto (Maroli et al 2002, Maroli et al 2008). In our country, it is well known that a hilly environment is the most adequate habitat for the vector, but we have registered CanL occurrence also in plain areas, confirming the results reported by Baldelli et al (2011).…”

Section: Leishmaniasis Surveillance In Kennels Of Northern Italysupporting

confidence: 91%

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A Surveillance Program on Canine Leishmaniasis in the Public Kennels of Emilia-Romagna Region, Northern Italy

Santi

Renzi

Baldelli

et al. 2014

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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Since 2007, a canine leishmaniasis (CanL) surveillance program has been carried out in public kennels of the Emilia-Romagna region with the aim of providing health guarantees for dog adoptions. According to this program, monitoring activities were performed to verify the presence of sandflies and infected dogs, and a specific CanL risk class was assigned to each kennel, resulting in different control approaches (entomological and/or serological monitoring, clinical surveillance, therapeutic treatment of infected dogs, protections against vector bites). From 2007 to 2012, 20,931 dogs, 89.8% of which were identified by microchip and housed in 73 kennels, were examined using an indirect fluorescent antibody test. In all, 528 (2.8%) dogs tested positive, and 43.0% of these were asymptomatic. The authors used monitoring results, in particular serological tests performed on dogs at admittance to the kennel and annual controls of sentinel dogs, to estimate CanL risk in the whole region and to evaluate the efficacy of the preventive measures adopted. CanL seroprevalence in dogs tested at the admittance in kennels increased significantly from 2010 (1.0%; 29/2858) to 2012 (2.4%; 69/2841). In contrast, the number of seroconversions in sentinel dogs was stable in 2010 (1.2%; 11/896) and 2011 (1.6%; 13/825) and decreased in 2012 (0.9%; 8/850), suggesting the efficacy of the preventive measures applied.

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Section: Leishmaniasis Surveillance In Kennels Of Northern Italysupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Results from other surveys were in fact limited in space or time (Maresca et al 2009, Podaliri-Vulpiani et al 2009, Biglino et al 2010, Galvez et al 2010, Baldelli et al 2011. During the last 3 years, CanL prevalence in dogs tested at the admittance in kennels has increased from 1.0% in 2010 to 2.4% in 2012.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Surveillance Program on Canine Leishmaniasis in the Public Kennels of Emilia-Romagna Region, Northern Italy

Santi

Renzi

Baldelli

et al. 2014

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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“…Epidemiological studies on the occurrence of CVL in kennel dogs have been conducted in several parts of the world (CABEZON et al, 2010;BALDELLI et al, 2011;TÁNCZOS et al, 2012). Although kennels are not considered to be good epidemiological observatories in non-endemic areas, since they shelter abandoned dogs from all areas of the municipalities, on the other hand, kennel dogs can be considered important sentinels of some diseases, due to the risk of being exposed to pathogens and to not receiving any preventive or curative treatment during the free roaming period (CABEZON et al, 2010).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This disease is endemic in 88 countries with approximately 0.2 to 0. 4 There is a clear positive correlation between human and canine infection rates, so that diagnosing dogs represents an important step towards the control of VL (GRIMALDI et al, 2012). The Brazilian Ministry of Health recommends both the immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA) and the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) as the chosen tests for dogs screening and culling campaigns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EVIDENCE OF Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum INFECTION IN DOGS FROM JUIZ DE FORA, MINAS GERAIS STATE, BRAZIL, BASED ON IMMUNOCHROMATOGRAPHIC DUAL-PATH PLATFORM (DPP®) AND PCR ASSAYS

Castro-Júnior

Freire

Campos

et al. 2014

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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SUMMARYIn Brazil, domestic dogs are branded as the primary reservoir for zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis, due to the clear positive correlation observed between human and canine infection rates. This study aimed to carry out a serological survey of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in dogs housed at a public kennel in the municipality of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, using the immunochromatographic TR DPP ® CVL rapid test. Additionally, conventional and/or real time PCR assay was used to detect and confirm L. infantum infection in the DPP positive dogs only. Of the 400 dogs studied, most did not present clinical signs for CVL (p < 0.05), and fifteen (3.8%) were seropositive in the DPP test. There was no statistically significant difference between the DPP seropositive dogs and the clinical signs of the disease (p > 0.05). Both conventional and real time PCR tests confirmed L. infantum infection in nine (75.0%) of the twelve DPP seropositive dogs that remained alive during the follow-up period. This study is the first seroepidemiologic survey of CVL held in the city of Juiz de Fora, and the results reinforce the idea that this disease is currently in a process of expansion and urbanization in Brazil. Furthermore, this study highlights the use of the DPP test as an alternative for diagnosing CVL in large and mid-sized cities, due to its ease of implementation. KEYWORDS:Canine visceral leishmaniasis; Serological diagnosis; Immunochromatographic diagnosis; DPP; PCR diagnosis. INTRODUCTIONVisceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a potentially fatal protozoan vectorborne disease caused by the Leishmania donovani complex, and represents a serious risk to public health. This disease is endemic in 88 countries with approximately 0.2 to 0.4 million cases each year in Europe, South America, Africa and Asia (ALVAR et al., 2012). Anthroponotic transmission caused by L. donovani is present in the Indian subcontinent and in Central Africa, and zoonotic transmission caused by L. infantum is present in the Americas, Mediterranean basin, Middle East and Central Asia, and parts of Africa (HARHAY et al., 2011, PALATNIK-DE-SOUSA & DAY, 2011.Among the countries of the Americas, Brazil accounts for the highest number of human VL cases and is the third largest VL focus globally (ALVAR et al., 2012;BELO et al., 2013). Despite having presented a typical rural and wild pattern of VL until the 80's (WERNECK, 2008), current data show that the numbers have increased considerably, thus creating a new epidemiological profile, due to the spread of the disease to urban centers of the North, South and West regions of the country (JERONIMO et al., 2004;ROMERO & BOELAERT, 2010;HARHAY et al., 2011). In Brazil, domestic dogs are the main reservoir, and thus play an important role in the epidemiology of the disease, while foxes and other wild animals play a role in sylvatic transmission (DEANE, 1956;QUINNELL et al., 1997;ROMERO & BOELAERT, 2010). There is a clear positive correlation between human and canine infection rates, so that diagnosing dog...

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“…Canine leishmaniosis is considered to be endemic in northern and southern Italy with high prevalence reaching up to 30.3% (Zaffaroni et al, 1999;Paradies et al, 2006). However, lower prevalence (2.1% and 2.5%) was also reported in the northern Italy (Maroli et al, 2008;Baldelli et al, 2011). In France, a study performed using the PCR and western-blotting techniques indicated that a high number of dogs in southern France (Berrahal et al, 1996) and up to 50 % in southeastern France have been exposed to Leishmania (Aoun et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of leishmaniosis in dogs in Istanbul,Turkey determined by using PCR

Bilgin

Turan

Yılmaz

et al. 2018

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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ABSTRACT. Leishmania infantum is widespread in Mediterranean countries including Turkey and can cause a serious disease in both humans and dogs. Dogs are considered to be its main reservoirs. The current epidemiological study was carried out in Istanbul for detection of leishmaniosis among dogs. A total of 246 dogs were included in the study. Twenty one (8.54%) blood samples were found to be positive based on PCR diagnosis, using primers specific for the kinetoplast DNA of Leishmania. Infection rate was 6.51% in 169 dogs living in shelters and 12.99% in 77 client-owned dogs. The rate was significantly (p<0.001) higher in the dogs (37.93%) presenting one or more clinical symptoms which may be attributable to leishmaniosis, than in the asymptomatic dogs (4.61%). Eleven (52.4%) of 21 PCR positive dogs presented clinical symptoms whereas the rest of the dogs (47.62%) were asymptomatic. The major clinical sign in PCR positive animals was dermatological problems. Amongst PCR positive dogs, skin lesions were present in 11, weight loss in 2, lymphadenopathy in 2, epistaxis in 2 and lethargy in 2 dogs.

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Canine leishmaniasis surveillance in a northern Italy kennel

Cited by 36 publications

References 10 publications

A Surveillance Program on Canine Leishmaniasis in the Public Kennels of Emilia-Romagna Region, Northern Italy

A Surveillance Program on Canine Leishmaniasis in the Public Kennels of Emilia-Romagna Region, Northern Italy

EVIDENCE OF Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum INFECTION IN DOGS FROM JUIZ DE FORA, MINAS GERAIS STATE, BRAZIL, BASED ON IMMUNOCHROMATOGRAPHIC DUAL-PATH PLATFORM (DPP®) AND PCR ASSAYS

Prevalence of leishmaniosis in dogs in Istanbul,Turkey determined by using PCR

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