Canine Leishmaniasis: Identification of Asymptomatic Carriers by Polymerase Chain Reaction and Immunoblotting

Berrahal, F; Mary, Charles; Roze, Maurice; Berenger, A; Escoffier, K; Lamouroux, D; Dunan, S.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1996.55.273

Cited by 156 publications

(101 citation statements)

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“…For example in areas endemic for canine leishmaniosis (Leishmania infantum) in the Mediterranean basin studies using PCR have confirmed that the prevalence of infection in dogs is much higher than the proportion that actually develops symptomatic disease or even specific antibodies [55,56]. By instance in 73 clinically healthy hunting dogs in Greece, 12.3% tested positive by using serology, whereas 63% tested positive by PCR [57].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First epidemiological study on exposure to Neospora caninum in different canine populations in the Algiers District (Algeria)

Ghalmi

China

Kaidi

et al. 2009

Parasitology International

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Neospora caninum is an important cause of abortion in cattle worldwide. Dogs act as final hosts shedding oocysts in the environment. They can also harbour the extraintestinal stage of the parasite and this may be associated with a fairly rare neuromuscular condition. The sera of 781 dogs from the Algiers District were screened by IFAT for the presence of anti-N. caninum antibodies. These dogs were distributed into four populations: local stray dogs, police dogs, dogs from breeding kennels and farm dogs. The overall seroprevalence was 21.90%. Significant differences were observed between the different populations, the highest prevalence being observed in farm (44.44%) and stray dogs (22.55%). Additionally, the highest titres were observed in farm dogs. Among studied epidemiological parameters, breed, dog origin, season and vaccination status were significantly associated with IFAT results. Additionally, a recently described real time PCR was used on the blood of 100 pound dogs and the results were compared with the serological data. A higher proportion of dogs was found to be positive by PCR when compared to the IFAT results. There was only a fairly low agreement between PCR and IFAT results which suggests that these techniques measured different aspects of the host-parasite relationship. This study indicates that the level of exposure of the canine population of Algiers area to N. caninum is very high. This would indicate a potentially high risk for N. caninum induced abortion in cattle in this region and in Algeria.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First epidemiological study on exposure to Neospora caninum in different canine populations in the Algiers District (Algeria)

Ghalmi

China

Kaidi

et al. 2009

Parasitology International

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“…11 Our results show that frequency of human asymptomatic carriage in the Mediterranean area is comparable to canine carriage in the same area and to healthy humans in a Sudanese population. 5,12 Le Fichoux and others underestimated the frequency of Leishmania infection in healthy humans in southern France because they performed the PCR after selection of seropositive samples. 13 The low level of parasitemia we observed in asymptomatic subjects reflects the host-parasite relationships in the Mediterranean area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This conclusion is based on the results of human and canine studies. 5,6 A quantitative PCR reached such sensitivity that quantification of parasites over an interval of 9 log units, starting at a 1:10,000 single cell equivalent amounts of DNA per reaction tube. 7 The aim of this study was to obtain reference values and thresholds for parasitemias in cases with asymptomatic infections and those with acute-phase infections during and after treatment of Mediterranean VL and to illustrate the usefulness of parasite quantification in blood for therapy monitoring and follow-up of patients at risk of relapse.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reference Values for Leishmania Infantum Parasitemia in Different Clinical Presentations: Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction for Therapeutic Monitoring and Patient Follow-Up

Mary

Faraut²,

Drogoul³

et al. 2006

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Quantification of Leishmania infantum DNA in blood samples by an ultrasensitive quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) detected parasitemias in different clinical presentations. We observed a large range of parasitemias, more than 9 log values, and could determine the threshold between asymptomatic carriage and disease in the Mediterranean area (approximately one parasite/mL of blood. Based on kinetoplast DNA amplification, this assay had a sensitivity of 0.001 parasite DNA equivalents/mL and detected asymptomatic carriage of Leishmania. It detected parasite DNA in 58% of healthy subjects, while an immunoblot detected specific antibodies in only 16%. For initial diagnosis of disease, this quantitative PCR with blood samples constitutes a non-invasive alternative to bone marrow aspiration. Its main applications are monitoring of drug therapy and follow-up of immunodeficient patients for biologic confirmation of relapses.

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“…Molecular biological techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) alone or in combination with hybridization have been used for detecting VL in humans and dogs (Berrahal et al 1996, Martin-Sanchez et al 2001. Despite the high sensitivity and specificity, ability to detect and identify the protozoa involved and the ability to be applied directly on clinical samples, these techniques remain quite complex and laborious, therefore most applicable for research use (Ikonomopoulos et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of IgM antibodies against Leishmania chagasi in dogs

et al. 2009

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Visceral leishmaniasis is an emergent zoonosis with an increasing number of new cases in Brazil where the domestic dog is an important parasite reservoir in the infectious cycle of Leishmania chagasi. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), based upon the use of a total soluble antigenic preparation of L. chagasi, was adapted for the detection of IgM antibodies in the serum of infected dogs. Optimal dilutions of the antigen, using positive and negative reference sera, were determined by checkboard titrations. The specificity and sensitivity of the ELISA were 100 %. A total of 110 serum samples were taken from dogs in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and examined for anti-L. chagasi IgM antibody by ELISA and indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). About 25% (n=27) of all the dogs tested were found serologically positive for L. chagasi by IFAT, while 89.09% (n=98) were seropositive by ELISA. The results obtained by ELISA and IFAT were significantly different (P<0.01). The combined use of ELISA and IFAT is recommended in order to enable veterinary services to more efficiently detect canine visceral leishmaniasis.INDEX TERMS: Leishmania chagasi, diagnosis, dogs, IgM, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

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Canine Leishmaniasis: Identification of Asymptomatic Carriers by Polymerase Chain Reaction and Immunoblotting

Cited by 156 publications

References 0 publications

First epidemiological study on exposure to Neospora caninum in different canine populations in the Algiers District (Algeria)

First epidemiological study on exposure to Neospora caninum in different canine populations in the Algiers District (Algeria)

Reference Values for Leishmania Infantum Parasitemia in Different Clinical Presentations: Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction for Therapeutic Monitoring and Patient Follow-Up

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of IgM antibodies against Leishmania chagasi in dogs

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