Canine infectious fungal dermatopathy: a silent zoonosis in humans

Abstract

Dermatophytosis is among the most common skin conditions in small animal clinics, in addition to being among the zoonoses that most affect adults and children. Considering the importance of this disease in dogs, the present study aimed to investigate, in light of the literature, the main pathophysiological aspects, diagnosis and treatment of canine dermatophytosis. The study was based on a narrative review of the literature, whose searches were carried out in the following databases: SCIELO, BDTD, VHL and books. Analysis of specialized literature showed that dermatophytosis is caused by dermatophytes, with the main causative fungal agents being Microsporum canis, M. gypseum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. These are fungi that affect keratinized tissues, such as skin, nails and hair, causing characteristic and diverse lesions, depending on the causative agent and the immune status of the host. Clinical manifestations include alopecia, inflammation, pustules, circular lesions, crusts, scales and itching. The most recommended treatment for canine dermatophytosis includes the use of topical and systemic antifungals, depending on the stage of the disease. Topical antifungals, such as creams and shampoos, are used in mild or localized cases, while systemic antifungals, such as tablets, are indicated for more severe or disseminated infections. The correct diagnosis of this pathology, through clinical and laboratory examinations, is crucial for effective treatment and prevention of transmission to humans and other animals. The correct approach to canine dermatophytosis is vital for public health, as it is a zoonosis with significant transmission potential. Prevention and control strategies, combined with early diagnosis and adequate treatment, are essential to minimize the risks of infection and spread, protecting both animals and humans.