Canine distemper virus infection in a masked palm civet (Paguma larvata)

Motomura, Noboru; Izumisawa, Nobuyuki; Nakamura, Takashi; Kiryu, Keiji

doi:10.1016/0021-9975(92)90017-o

Cited by 27 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…These were the SARS coronavirus (SARS CoV) (Guan et al, 2003;Poon et al, 2005); HPAI H5N1 (Roberton et al, 2006;Wu et al, 2013) and a number of variants of the rabies virus (Enurah et al, 1988a;Wilde et al, 1991;Tremlett et al, 1994;Nel et al, 2005;Susetya et al, 2008;Pfukenyi et al, 2009;Matsumoto et al, 2011). Three important viruses of domestic carnivores were also reported, including canine distemper virus (CDV) (Machida et al, 1992;Hur et al, 1999;Chandra et al, 2000;L opez-Peña et al, 2001;Hirama et al, 2004;Chen et al, 2007;Takayama et al, 2009), feline parvovirus (caused by the feline panleukopenia virus, FPV) (Ikeda et al, 1999;Demeter et al, 2009) and canine parvovirus (CP) (Santos et al, 2009;Xiao-Ying et al, 2011;Duarte et al, 2013). In more recent years, the use of advanced molecular techniques has enabled the identification of five novel viruses of uncertain significance.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neurological signs Tanzania (wild) (Marston et al, 2012) Family Paramyxoviridae Canine distemper virus M Binturong (Arctictis binturong), Masked palm civet, Common palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus), Small Indian civet, Common genet Depression, dyspnoea, coughing, oculonasal discharge, gastrointestinal signs, dehydration, neurological signs, foot pad hyperkeratosis USA, Korea, Taiwan, Japan, Spain, Thailand (wild, farm, zoo) (Machida et al, 1992;Hur et al, 1999;Chandra et al, 2000;L opez-Peña et al, 2001;Hirama et al, 2004;Chen et al, 2007;Takayama et al, 2009;Techangamsuwan et al, 2014) Family Parvoviridae Feline panleukopenia virus M Formosan gem-faced civet (P. larvata taivana), Common palm civet Lethargy, vomiting, diarrhoea Taiwan, Hungary (farm, zoo) (Ikeda et al, 1999;Demeter et al, 2009) Canine parvovirus M Common genet, Masked palm civet Fever, diarrhoea, depression, anorexia, vomiting Portugal, China (wild) (Santos et al, 2009;Xiao-Ying et al, 2011;Duarte et al, 2013) Family Reoviridae Mammalian reovirus MPC/04…”

Section: African Civetmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential Pathogens Reported in Species of the Family Viverridae and Their Implications for Human and Animal Health

Wicker

Canfield

Higgins

2016

Zoonoses and Public Health

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Impacts• First collation of previously published organisms isolated from species of the family Viverridae provides baseline information to assist viverrid population management.• Summarizes anthropogenic factors (trade, farming, encroachment on viverrid habitat) bringing viverrids into proximity with humans.• Discusses detected organisms in terms of potential risk for public health given the described anthropogenic factors which facilitate transmission and spillover of organisms between and amongst animals and people. SummaryThe Viverridae is a family of nocturnal carnivores including civets, genets and African linsangs. While a list of known organisms isolated from a species is an essential tool for population management, this review represents the first attempt to collate published reports of organisms isolated from viverrids. A wide range of organisms, including 11 viruses, eight bacterial species, one internal arthropod species, representatives from eight genera of protozoan, 21 genera of nematode, seven genera of cestode, eight genera of trematode and six genera of external arthropod (mites, ticks and louse), have been reported in literature spanning over a century of research. Many of these are capable of infecting multiple hosts, including humans. This is of concern given the anthropogenic factors that bring humans and domestic species into close contact with viverrids, facilitating transmission and spillover of organisms between groups. These factors include trade in viverrids for human consumption, captive management in zoos, rescue centres or on commercial breeding farms, and the increasing overlap of free-ranging viverrid distribution and human settlement.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: African Civetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Pathogens Reported in Species of the Family Viverridae and Their Implications for Human and Animal Health

Wicker

Canfield

Higgins

2016

Zoonoses and Public Health

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“…In Japan, attention has been focused on the role of these highly adaptive mammals in the transmission of zoonotic pathogens, including Trichinella T9 (Kobayashi et al, 2007), Babesia microti-like parasite (Kawabuchi et al, 2005), Ehrlichia spp., Anaplasma phagocytophilum (Inokuma et al, 2007), Strongyloides procyonis (Sato and Suzuki, 2006), and canine distemper virus (Machida et al, 1992). Pathogens carried by these animals can present serious public and animal health problems in the habitats to which they have been introduced.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Salmonella, Yersinia and Campylobacter spp. in Feral Raccoons (Procyon lotor) and Masked Palm Civets (Paguma larvata) in Japan

Lee

Iwata

Nakadai

et al. 2011

Zoonoses and Public Health

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To estimate the public and animal health risk that alien species pose, the prevalence of Salmonella, Yersinia, and Campylobacter spp. in feral raccoons (Procyon lotor, n=459) and masked palm civets (Paguma larvata, n=153), which are abundant alien species in Japan, was investigated in urban and suburban areas of Japan. Salmonella enterica was detected from 29 samples [26 raccoons, 5.7%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 7.8-3.5%; three masked palm civets, 2.0%, 95% CI 4.2-0%]. Many of the isolates belonged to serovars that are commonly isolated from human gastroenteritis patients (e.g. S. Infantis, S. Typhimurium, and S. Thompson). The antimicrobial susceptibility test showed that 26.9 % of the isolates from raccoons were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent, whereas none of the isolates from masked palm civets were resistant. Yersinia sp. was detected from 193 samples (177 raccoons, 38.6%, 95% CI 43.0-34.1%; 16 masked palm civets, 10.5%, 95% CI 15.3-5.6%). All virulent Yersinia strains belonged to Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, which was isolated from seven (1.5%, 95% CI 2.6-0.4%) raccoons and six (3.9%, 95% CI 7.0-0.8%) masked palm civets. According to the detection of virulence factors, all the Y. pseudotuberculosis isolates belonged to the Far Eastern systemic pathogenicity type. Campylobacter spp. was detected from 17 samples (six raccoons, 1.3%, 95% CI 2.3-0.3%; 11 masked palm civets, 7.2%, 95% CI 11.3-3.1%). Among these, three isolates from raccoons were identified as C. jejuni. These results showed that these pathogens can be transmitted by human activities, other wild animals, and the environment to feral raccoons and masked palm civets, and vice versa. As these animals have omnivorous behaviour and a wide range of habitats, they can play an important role in the transmission of the enteric pathogens.

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“…In some Channel Islands of California, island foxes were infected with CDV and the number rapidly decreased [2], resulting that the four subspecies were listed as federally endangered [15]. In Japan, some wild animals including raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) and masked palm civets (Paguma larvata) were dead by CDV infection [5,7,9,12,14].Raccoons (Procyon lotor) are also infected with CDV and the infection is sometimes lethal [6]. In North America, raccoons are thought to be reservoirs of CDV to wild and zoo animals [1].…”

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confidence: 99%

Detection of Antibody to Canine Distemper Virus in Wild Raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Japan

et al. 2009

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ABSTRACT. Canine distemper virus (CDV) causes a lethal disease among members of the Carnivora. To clarify the distribution of CDV in wild animals, we examined 106 raccoon sera collected from two prefectures in Japan, Hyogo and Osaka, from 2005 to 2007. Among them, 34 raccoons (32.1%) possessed a virus-neutralizing (VN) antibody to KDK-1 strain (genotype Asia-1). There was no significant difference in seroprevalence of CDV regardless of places, gender, and body weights. In Hyogo, a geometric mean of VN titers to KDK-1 was significantly higher than that to Onderstepoort (vaccine strain), indicating that KDK-1-like CDV different from vaccine strain might have spread among raccoon population in Hyogo. In conclusion, CDV is epidemic among feral raccoons in Japan, suggesting that CDV might have been spreading among Japanese wild animals.KEY WORDS: canine distemper, Japan, raccoon.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 71(12): 1661-1663, 2009 Canine distemper virus (CDV) infects many animal species belonging to the Carnivora and causes lethal disease to them. In Serengenti National Park in Tanzania, an epidemic of CDV spread through lions in 1994, resulting that 30% of lions were dead [13]. In some Channel Islands of California, island foxes were infected with CDV and the number rapidly decreased [2], resulting that the four subspecies were listed as federally endangered [15]. In Japan, some wild animals including raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) and masked palm civets (Paguma larvata) were dead by CDV infection [5,7,9,12,14].Raccoons (Procyon lotor) are also infected with CDV and the infection is sometimes lethal [6]. In North America, raccoons are thought to be reservoirs of CDV to wild and zoo animals [1]. Raccoons are widely distributed throughout Japan and the number of raccoons has increased. In this study, CDV infection to raccoons was serologically examined.Vero cells (JCRB Number; JCRB9013) were cultured in Eagle's minimum essential medium (EMEM; GIBCO, U.S.A.) with 5% heat-inactivated fetal calf serum (FCS; CELLect, MP Biomedicals, U.S.A.), 1 mM sodium pyruvate, 100 U/ml penicillin and 100 g/ml streptomycin at 37C in 5% CO 2 . Canine-originated A72/cSLAM and feline-originated CRFK/cSLAM cells expressing canine signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) were grown with Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM; GIBCO, U.S.A.) supplemented with 10% FCS and antibiotics at 37C in 5% CO 2 [11]. CDV KDK-1 (genotype Asia-1) [9] and Onderstepoort (a live attenuated vaccine strain) strains were propagated in A72/cSLAM and Vero cells, respectively. Total 106 sera were collected from raccoons captured in 2 prefectures, Hyogo and Osaka, under an official control and eradication program of feral raccoons. Virus-neutralizing (VN) test to KDK-1 [10] was carried out by 75% plaque-reduction neutralizing test (PRNT 75 ) using our established cell line, CRFK/cSLAM [11]. For the first screening of CDV-positive raccoons, 10 l of sera was added to 90 l of virus solution containing 100 plaque forming unit (PFU) of KDK-1 diluted with DME...

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Canine distemper virus infection in a masked palm civet (Paguma larvata)

Cited by 27 publications

References 2 publications

Potential Pathogens Reported in Species of the Family Viverridae and Their Implications for Human and Animal Health

Potential Pathogens Reported in Species of the Family Viverridae and Their Implications for Human and Animal Health

Prevalence of Salmonella, Yersinia and Campylobacter spp. in Feral Raccoons (Procyon lotor) and Masked Palm Civets (Paguma larvata) in Japan

Detection of Antibody to Canine Distemper Virus in Wild Raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Japan

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