Canine detection odor signatures for mine-related explosives

Johnston, James M.; Williams, Marc; Waggoner, L. Paul; Edge, Cindy C.; Dugan, Regina E.; Hallowell, Susan F.

doi:10.1117/12.324221

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Target odors that meet or exceed a threshold concentration will elicit a response from dogs trained to respond to that odor (Moulton 1975a, b, Waggoner et al 1997, Johnston et al 1998). Lewis et al (1997) reported a positive indication rate of only Ϸ60% for dogs tested with Þve termites compared with a positive indication rate of Ϸ98% when termite numbers were increased from 5 to Ն50.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ability of Canine Termite Detectors to Locate Live Termites and Discriminate Them from Non-Termite Material

Brooks¹,

Oi²,

koehler³

2003

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Dogs were trained to detect Eastern subterranean termites, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar), using the United States Customs method of scent detection dog training modified with a food reward. Dogs were tested with various numbers of Eastern subterranean termites placed in vented PVC containers. Trained dogs were 95.93% accurate in finding > or = 40 Eastern subterranean termite workers (positive indications) and incorrectly indicated the presence of termites in 2.69% of the containers without termites. Multiple species of termites [dark southern subterranean, R. virginicus (Banks); Formosan subterranean, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki; powderpost, Cryptotermes cavifrons Banks; and southeastern drywood termites, Incisitermes snyderi (Light)], were similarly evaluated. Dogs trained to locate Eastern subterranean termites were also 100% accurate in finding dark southern subterranean termites, 98.89% accurate in finding Formosan subterranean termites, 97.33% accurate in finding powderpost termites, and 88.89% accurate in finding southeastern drywood termites. Dogs were able to discriminate live termites from non-termite material. Trained dogs' false response rate was 25.33% to Eastern subterranean termite-damaged wood, 6.67% to American cockroaches, Periplaneta americana (L.), and 2.67% to Florida carpenter ants, Camponotus floridanus Buckley.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ability of Canine Termite Detectors to Locate Live Termites and Discriminate Them from Non-Termite Material

Brooks¹,

Oi²,

koehler³

2003

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“…Several studies from Auburn University have been conducted to ascertain the major odors found smokeless powders that are most identified by trained canines [69][70][71]. Initial instrumental examination of the volatile components of the powders returned four major odor components: acetone, toluene, nitroglycerine, and limonene.…”

Section: Previous Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of an Optimized System of Narcotic and Explosive Contraband Mimics for Calibration and Training of Biological Detectors

Macias¹

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“…In recent decades, canines have been reliably trained to detect explosives, ignitable liquids, narcotics, human scent and the discovered evidence has been successfully submitted in court of law [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Despite canines' wide potential for detection in many areas, they are most commonly used for explosive detection as a result of the growing threat of terrorism.…”

Section: A Non-contact Passive Approach For the Effective Collection mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Non-Contact Passive Approach for the Effective Collection of Target Explosive Volatiles for Canine Training Aid Development

Cl¹,

Am²,

Pa³

et al. 2016

Journal of Forensic Science & Criminology

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The use of real explosive materials for canine training involves inherent dangers, toxicity risks exposure, and often limited availability of the training material all of which may affect the reliable training of canine teams. For this reason, the development of a training aid suitable for daily operations is beneficial to provide safe and effective explosive detection training that can provide for enhanced detection capabilities. This study presents a non-contact passive approach for the collection of target volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emanating from real explosive materials to be used as potential canine training aids. This will also provide the ability for the creation of new training aids based on the rapid evolution of new explosive threats. Experiments were performed based on previously identified explosive signature volatiles such as 2-ethyl-1-hexanol (2E1H), 2,3-dimethyl-dinitrobutane (DMNB), and 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT). Composition 4 (C4) explosive material was used for the static collection of the 2E1H and DMNB, as well as single based smokeless powder for the collection of 2,4-DNT. The samples were collected in a controlled environment and cotton gauze pads were used as the collection material. A time optimization analysis was conducted for all three target volatiles in time intervals of ranging from 0.5 to 120 minutes. Solid phase microextraction (SPME) was used along with gas chromatographymass spectrometry/electron capture detection (GC-MS/ECD) for extraction and confirmation of target volatiles. The results show that collection of characteristic volatiles are obtained after 15 min of exposing the gauze pad to 2E1H and 30 min was optimal for DMNB and 2-4, DNT. Overall, the results demonstrated the possibility to perform static collection of signature VOCs from real explosive materials onto a gauze pad via a non-contact passive method for its potential use as effective canine training aid.

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Canine detection odor signatures for mine-related explosives

Cited by 20 publications

References 2 publications

Ability of Canine Termite Detectors to Locate Live Termites and Discriminate Them from Non-Termite Material

Ability of Canine Termite Detectors to Locate Live Termites and Discriminate Them from Non-Termite Material

The Development of an Optimized System of Narcotic and Explosive Contraband Mimics for Calibration and Training of Biological Detectors

A Non-Contact Passive Approach for the Effective Collection of Target Explosive Volatiles for Canine Training Aid Development

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