Canine antibody response against Dirofilaria repens in natural occult and microfilaremic infections

Wysmołek, Magdalena; Klockiewicz, M.; Długosz, Ewa; Wiśniewski, Marcin

doi:10.1016/j.cimid.2022.101818

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 32 publications

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“…In the present study, we tested ~850 dogs in ELISA, so we were unable to confirm all of them using our standard protocol (Knott + ELISA + Real-Time PCR). No differences in IgM levels between infected and healthy dogs were also observed in a study conducted by Wysmołek et al [57]. The authors considered the presence of natural IgM characterized by low affinity and non-specific binding to epitopes mimicking D. repens antigens as a potential explanation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Characterization of Dr20/22: Molecular Insights and Antibody Response in Naturally Infected Dogs withDirofilaria repens

Pękacz,

Basałaj,

Młocicki

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Subcutaneous dirofilariasis, caused by the parasitic nematode Dirofilaria repens, is a growing concern in Europe, affecting both dogs and humans. This study focused on D. repens Dr20/22, a protein encoded by an alt (abundant larval transcript) gene family. While well-documented in L3 larvae of other filariae species, this gene family had not been explored in dirofilariasis. The re-search involved cloning Dr20/22 cDNA, molecular characterization, and evaluating its potential application in the diagnosis of dirofilariasis. Although Real-Time analysis revealed mRNA ex-pression in both adult worms and microfilariae, the native protein remained undetected in lysates from both developmental stages. This suggests the protein's specificity for L3 larvae and may be related to a process called SLTS (spliced leader trans-splicing), contributing to stage-specific gene expression. The antigen's apparent specificity for invasive larvae makes it a strong candidate for an early dirofilariasis marker. ELISA tests using sera from infected and healthy dogs detected specific IgG antibody responses in both groups, indicating that specific IgG in healthy dog sera may contribute to dirofilariasis immunity. Although further research is necessary, the molecular and immunological characterization of Dr20/22 can enhance our understanding of host-parasite interactions and provide insights into the mechanisms that facilitate immune system evasion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Characterization of Dr20/22: Molecular Insights and Antibody Response in Naturally Infected Dogs withDirofilaria repens

Pękacz,

Basałaj,

Młocicki

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Analysis of the role of Dirofilaria repens macrophage migration inhibitory factors in host–parasite interactions

Karabowicz,

Długosz,

Bąska

et al. 2024

Journal of Veterinary Research

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Introduction Dirofilaria repens is a zoonotic parasitic filarial nematode that infects carnivores and occasionally humans. Knowledge of the host–parasite molecular interactions enabling the parasite’s avoidance of the host immune response in subcutaneous dirofilariasis remains limited. Parasitic orthologues of host macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) are molecules potentially involved in this process. Material and Methods Complementary DNA encoding two D. repens MIF orthologues (rDre-MIF-1 and rDre-MIF-2) was cloned into a pET-28a expression vector. The recombinant proteins were produced in Escherichia coli and purified using affinity nickel chromatography. The reactivity of both recombinant proteins was analysed with infected dog and immunised mouse sera. Results Stronger antibody production was induced by rDre-MIF-1 in mice, as evidenced by significantly higher levels of anti-rDre-MIF-1 total IgG, IgG2 and IgE antibodies than of anti-rDre-MIF-2 immunoglobulins. Additionally, a significantly different level of antibodies specific to both proteins was noted between the sera of infected dogs and those of uninfected dogs. Conclusion This study is the first attempt to characterise MIF orthologues from the filarial parasite D. repens, which may affect the immune response during infection.

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Canine antibody response against Dirofilaria repens in natural occult and microfilaremic infections

Cited by 2 publications

References 32 publications

Characterization of Dr20/22: Molecular Insights and Antibody Response in Naturally Infected Dogs withDirofilaria repens

Characterization of Dr20/22: Molecular Insights and Antibody Response in Naturally Infected Dogs withDirofilaria repens

Analysis of the role of Dirofilaria repens macrophage migration inhibitory factors in host–parasite interactions

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