Cangas da Amazônia: a vegetação única de Carajás evidenciada pela lista de fanerógamas

Mota, Nara Furtado de Oliveira; Watanabe, Maurício Takashi Coutinho; Zappi, Daniela C.; Hiura, Alice Lima; Pallos, Julieta; Viveros, Raquel Stauffer; Giulietti, Ana María; Viana, Pedro Lage

doi:10.1590/2175-7860201869336

Cited by 73 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…The predominance of trees over other types of habits has already been observed in another study conducted in the Amazon Forest (Garcia, Silva, Zonetti & Romagnolo, 2011) and follows the general pattern recorded for the Amazon phytogeographic domain (BFG, 2015). In turn, the herbaceous habit is better represented in open areas, as already reported by Mota et al (2018).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 74%

Preliminary Angiosperm Checklist in an Area South of the Madeira River, Manicoré, Amazonas, Brazil

2020

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Due to the large extent of the Amazon rainforest, research has historically focused on easily accessible locations. Thus, much of this region has little information available about its richness and plant distribution. Located south of the Madeira river, Municipality of Manicoré has a high number of phytophysiognomies, which may indicate the existence of a greater diversity of plant species. Therefore, from the compilation of previously collected records and based on botanical expeditions, this study evaluated the diversity and richness of angiosperms in Manicoré. We found 801 species, 409 genera and 106 families. Our data record 47 new occurrences for Amazonas State. Of these new occurrences, 12 are also the first record for the northern region. In addition, we have identified a new vine species of the genus Mandevilla Lindl. Given the well-known sample deficiency of the Amazon region, and considering the countless anthropogenic pressures that cities south of the Madeira river have been facing, knowledge of flora becomes increasingly urgent.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 74%

Preliminary Angiosperm Checklist in an Area South of the Madeira River, Manicoré, Amazonas, Brazil

2020

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“…Compliance with legal demands brought opportunities for research, which has contributed to increasing the knowledge about flora in canga of the CMP [4] and in other Brazilian mining sites located in Minas Gerais, Bahia, and Mato Grosso do Sul (Fig 1). However, it is clear that there are few floristic links between the Amazonian canga and the species found in the Brazilian cerrado, which are prevalent in the Amazonian savanna in lowlands, sandy soils, or on top of plateaus, as seen between Venezuela and Suriname [12]. Two locations within our study area, the cangas of the Carajás National Forest (CNF) and the Campos Ferruginosos National Park (CFNP), contain 856 seed plant species, most of which are herbs (40%), with 24 endemic species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping and quantification of ferruginous outcrop savannas in the Brazilian Amazon: A challenge for biodiversity conservation

et al. 2019

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The eastern Brazilian Amazon contains many isolated ferruginous savanna ecosystem patches (locally known as ‘canga vegetation’) located on ironstone rocky outcrops on the top of plateaus and ridges, surrounded by tropical rainforests. In the Carajás Mineral Province (CMP), these outcrops contain large iron ore reserves that have been exploited by opencast mining since the 1980s. The canga vegetation is particularly impacted by mining, since the iron ores that occur are associated with this type of vegetation and currently, little is known regarding the extent of canga vegetation patches before mining activities began. This information is important for quantifying the impact of mining, in addition to helping plan conservation programmes. Here, land cover changes of the Canga area in the CMP are evaluated by estimating the pre-mining area of canga patches and comparing it to the actual extent of canga patches. We mapped canga vegetation using geographic object-based image analysis (GEOBIA) from 1973 Landsat-1 MSS, 1984 and 2001 Landsat-5 TM, and 2016 Landsat-8 OLI images, and found that canga vegetation originally occupied an area of 144.2 km2 before mining exploitation. By 2016, 19.6% of the canga area was lost in the CMP due to conversion to other land-use types (mining areas, pasturelands). In the Carajás National Forest (CNF), located within the CMP, the original canga vegetation covered 105.2 km2 (2.55% of the CNF total area), and in 2016, canga vegetation occupied an area of 77.2 km2 (1.87%). Therefore, after more than three decades of mineral exploitation, less than 20% of the total canga area was lost. Currently, 21% of the canga area in the CMP is protected by the Campos Ferruginosos National Park. By documenting the initial extent of canga vegetation in the eastern Amazon and the extent to which it has been lost due to mining operations, the results of this work are the first step towards conserving this ecosystem.

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“…Violão Lake is located on the South Ridge of the Carajás Hill region, more specifically in the S11 southern plateau border, in the southeastern Amazon region, Brazil (Figure 1). The S11 ridge slopes are marked by open rainforests over colluvial detritic crusts and mafic rock plateaus (Guimarães et al, 2014), while iron-ore duricrusts and detritic crusts widely covered by scrubby canga vegetation occur on top of the plateau (Mota et al, 2018). This area has a tropical humid climate, with a mean annual air temperature of approximately 26°C and annual precipitation ranging from 1800 to 2300 mm concentrated from November to May (1550mm) (Moraes et al, 2005), which is characteristic of a monsoon climate (Alvares et al, 2013).…”

Section: Regional and Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of fault reactivation in the development of tropical montane lakes

Souza‐Filho

Pinheiro

Costa

et al. 2020

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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This work details the role of fault reactivation in the development of tropical montane lakes by using basin morpho-structural analysis and seismostratigraphic studies. The upland lakes are severely faulted sinkholes, whose faults penetrate the Quaternary sedimentary units. Four main stages are related to the lake formation: (i) an Early Proterozoic tectonic deformation of the rocks along the southern border of the Carajás Structure, where the lake is placed; (ii) differential erosion byand building ofthe formation of the South Carajás Hill; (iii) Fe-rich crust formation by weathering and gravitational collapse faults following the E-W plateau border and the start of Violão Lake formation during the Pliocene-Pleistocene; and (iv) episodic fault-fracture reactivation by gravitational collapse causing pulses of subsidence in the lake and outlining its faulted borders. Dissolution of the lateritic crust and erosion by runoff drainage under wet climate conditions were coeval with fault activities, which allowed the deposition of relatively thick clastic deposits organized in three main seismostratigraphic units associated with major lake-level fluctuations. Initial fault reactivation under low-level water started lacustrine basin development with deposition of prograding fan deltas related to the main drainage. A second fault reactivation by gravitational collapse increased the lake accommodation space and resulted in the deposition of fine-grained sediments from dilute interflows or overflows until 36000calyear BP. At about 31000calyear BP, rapid decreases in the lake water level under redox conditions at the sediment/water interface allowed widespread siderite formation. A third gravitational collapse episode was responsible for the increase in the lake area and depth and the returning of clastic/organic deposition up to the present. This tropical montane lake can be seen as a representative example for understanding the formation of other upland lakes controlled by fault reactivation.

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Cangas da Amazônia: a vegetação única de Carajás evidenciada pela lista de fanerógamas

Cited by 73 publications

References 128 publications

Preliminary Angiosperm Checklist in an Area South of the Madeira River, Manicoré, Amazonas, Brazil

Preliminary Angiosperm Checklist in an Area South of the Madeira River, Manicoré, Amazonas, Brazil

Mapping and quantification of ferruginous outcrop savannas in the Brazilian Amazon: A challenge for biodiversity conservation

The role of fault reactivation in the development of tropical montane lakes

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