CANDLE: The New Burnup Strategy

Sekimoto, Hiroshi; Ryu, Kouichi; Yoshimura, Yoshikane

doi:10.13182/nse01-01

Cited by 160 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In the scenario corresponding to stabilization of total global power production at a 100 TW level, 1.0 × 10 25 J is capable of sustaining all energy human needs for the order of three millennia, roughly the same duration as all of recorded history, which spans approximately five millennia. Such an extended time horizon leaves an immense amount of time (and energy-undergirded technological development) for future generations to realize additional sources of energy, since the time required for a wholesale shift in energy sourcing has historically ranged from just a few decades to as long as a century, during the course of major human industrialization over the past half-millennium.…”

Section: Resource Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This variant is the origin of the name "traveling wave reactor", and is also referred to as a "CANDLE reactor" [25], because a cylinder of fertile nuclear fuel would be fission-burned axially in the same basic manner as a candle burns. This second variant has the operational advantage of not requiring fuel shuffling, which means the reactor can generate power for much longer intervals and with few-if-any major operator actions, but generally results in an increase in the peak level of the fuel's neutron irradiation.…”

Section: Traveling Wave Reactorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sustainable, Full-Scope Nuclear Fission Energy at Planetary Scale

Petroski

Wood

2012

Sustainability

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A nuclear fission-based energy system is described that is capable of supplying the energy needs of all of human civilization for a full range of human energy use scenarios, including both very high rates of energy use and strikingly-large amounts of total energy-utilized. To achieve such "planetary scale sustainability", this nuclear energy system integrates three nascent technologies: uranium extraction from seawater, manifestly safe breeder reactors, and deep borehole disposal of nuclear waste. In addition to these technological components, it also possesses the sociopolitical quality of manifest safety, which involves engineering to a very high degree of safety in a straightforward manner, while concurrently making the safety characteristics of the resulting nuclear systems continually manifest to society as a whole. Near-term aspects of this nuclear system are outlined, and representative parameters given for a system of global scale capable of supplying energy to a planetary population of 10 billion people at a per capita level enjoyed by contemporary Americans, i.e., of a type which might be seen a half-century hence. In addition to being sustainable from a resource standpoint, the described nuclear system is also sustainable with respect to environmental and human health impacts, including those resulting from severe accidents. OPEN ACCESSSustainability 2012, 4 3089

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Section: Resource Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Traveling Wave Reactorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable, Full-Scope Nuclear Fission Energy at Planetary Scale

Petroski

Wood

2012

Sustainability

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“…It can be applied to several reactors, when the infinite neutron multiplication factor of fuel element of the reactor changes along burn-up as the followings [3][4] [5]. Therefore using this type of nuclear power plants optimum nuclear energy utilization including in developing countries can be easily conducted without the problem of nuclear proliferation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptual design study on very small long-life gas cooled fast reactor using metallic natural Uranium-Zr as fuel cycle input

Monado¹,

Ariani²,

Su’ud³

et al. 2014

AIP Conference Proceedings

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“…Fortunately, the CANDLE burnup concept [1] gives us the opportunity to satisfy all these needs just by one process, namely the burnup of the CANDLE reactors. Moreover, intensive and comprehensive research over the past decade already demonstrates that a CANDLE reactor maintains a lot of attractive merits [1][2][3][4][5][6], summarized in the following.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…

Abstract: CANDLE (Constant Axial shape of Neutron flux, nuclide number densities and power shape During Life of Energy producing reactor) reactors have been intensively researched in the last decades [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Research shows that this kind of reactor is highly economical, safe and efficiently saves resources, thus extending large scale fission nuclear energy utilization for thousands of years, benefitting the whole of society.

…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimized Design and Discussion on Middle and Large CANDLE Reactors

Yan¹,

Zhang²,

Chai³

2012

Sustainability

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CANDLE (Constant Axial shape of Neutron flux, nuclide number densities and power shape During Life of Energy producing reactor) reactors have been intensively researched in the last decades [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Research shows that this kind of reactor is highly economical, safe and efficiently saves resources, thus extending large scale fission nuclear energy utilization for thousands of years, benefitting the whole of society. For many developing countries with a large population and high energy demands, such as China and India, middle (1000 MWth) and large (2000 MWth) CANDLE fast reactors are obviously more suitable than small reactors [2]. In this paper, the middle and large CANDLE reactors are investigated with U-Pu and combined ThU-UPu fuel cycles, aiming to utilize the abundant thorium resources and optimize the radial power distribution. To achieve these design purposes, the present designs were utilized, simply dividing the core into two fuel regions in the radial direction. The less active fuel, such as thorium or natural uranium, was loaded in the inner core region and the fuel with low-level enrichment, e.g. 2.0% enriched uranium, was loaded in the outer core region. By this simple core configuration and fuel setting, rather than using a complicated method, we can obtain the desired middle and large CANDLE fast cores with reasonable core geometry and thermal hydraulic parameters that perform safely and economically; as is to be expected from CANDLE. To assist in understanding the CANDLE reactor's attributes, analysis and discussion of the calculation results achieved are provided.

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CANDLE: The New Burnup Strategy

Cited by 160 publications

References 4 publications

Sustainable, Full-Scope Nuclear Fission Energy at Planetary Scale

Sustainable, Full-Scope Nuclear Fission Energy at Planetary Scale

Conceptual design study on very small long-life gas cooled fast reactor using metallic natural Uranium-Zr as fuel cycle input

Optimized Design and Discussion on Middle and Large CANDLE Reactors

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