Candidate Genes Associated With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Asian Populations: A Research Review

Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex genetic condition and is a highly prevalent heterogeneous syndrome of clinical and biochemicalandrogen excess. The disease has genetic as well as environmental involvements. The normal menstrual cycle results from a coordination of hormonalsecretion and signaling within the hypothalamic pituitary-ovarian axis. Alterations in the normal cycle or irregularity in menstrual cycle result inamenorrhea, abnormal uterine bleeding, etc. The main causes are PCOS, hormonal imbalance, drugs, nutritional deficiency, personality, some geneticfactors, and many more. Women with PCOS are often resistant to the biological effects of insulin and, as a consequence, may have high insulin levels.Women with PCOS are at risk for type 2 diabetes, high cholesterol, and high blood pressure. Obesity also appears to worsen the condition. The impactof the syndrome on an individual varies significantly based on several factors such as the severity of the components, comorbidities, and life courseconsiderations. In addition, each individual experiences the syndrome in the context of her own reproductive health, metabolic, and quality-of-lifeconcerns. Hirsutism, obesity, and infertility are common complaints. This review article gives a detailed account on the association of candidate genesassociated with PCOS in South Asian population.Keywords: Anti-mullerian hormone, Growth/differentiation factor 9, The bone morphogenetic protein, Follicle-stimulating hormone, Follistatin,Cytochrome p450, Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism.