Candidal overgrowth in diabetic patients: potential predisposing factors

Belazi, Maria; Velegraki, Aristea; Fleva, Alexandra; Gidarakou, Ioanna K; Papanaum, Lucy; Baka, Despina; Daniilidou, Natasa V.; Karamitsos, Dimitrios T.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0507.2005.01124.x

Cited by 126 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In the 15 studies that employed controls, only half showed a statistically significant increase in the carriage of C. albicans in diabetes, and there was a variable relationship between salivary glucose and oral carriage [68]. Between-study differences are likely to reflect methods of selection of diabetic subjects and controls, sampling techniques, and perhaps also group differences in putative aetiological factors such as denture wearing and xerostomia [70].…”

Section: Skin Nail Mucous Membrane and Soft Tissue Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In clinical studies, however, findings have been inconsistent. In a recent review of 21 studies [70], oral carriage rates in diabetic subjects ranged from 18 to 80%. In the 15 studies that employed controls, only half showed a statistically significant increase in the carriage of C. albicans in diabetes, and there was a variable relationship between salivary glucose and oral carriage [68].…”

Section: Skin Nail Mucous Membrane and Soft Tissue Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Common infections in diabetes: pathogenesis, management and relationship to glycaemic control

Peleg

Weerarathna

McCarthy

et al. 2006

Diabetes Metabolism Res

499

406

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SummarySpecific defects in innate and adaptive immune function have been identified in diabetic patients in a range of in vitro studies. However, the relevance of these findings to the integrated response to infection in vivo remains unclear, especially in patients with good glycaemic control. Vaccine efficacy seems adequate in most diabetic patients, but those with type 1 diabetes and high glycosylated haemoglobin levels are most likely to exhibit hyporesponsiveness. While particular infections are closely associated with diabetes, this is usually in the context of extreme metabolic disturbances such as ketoacidosis. The link between glycaemic control and the risk of common community-acquired infections is less well established but could be clarified if infection data from large community-based observational or intervention studies were available. The relationship between hospital-acquired infections and diabetes is well recognized, particularly among post-operative cardiac and critically ill surgical patients in whom intensive insulin therapy improves clinical outcome independent of glycaemia. Nevertheless, further research is needed to improve our understanding of the role of diabetes and glycaemic control in the pathogenesis and management of community-and hospitalacquired infections.

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Section: Skin Nail Mucous Membrane and Soft Tissue Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Skin Nail Mucous Membrane and Soft Tissue Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common infections in diabetes: pathogenesis, management and relationship to glycaemic control

Peleg

Weerarathna

McCarthy

et al. 2006

Diabetes Metabolism Res

499

406

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…8 Number of colonies contained in 50 μl of saliva = n Therefore the number of colonies in 1000 μl (1 ml) = n x 1000/50 = n x 20…”

Section: Methods Of Counting Coloniesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 Dehydration associated with elevated blood glucose increases osmotic gradients within the salivary glands, thereby limiting secretion. 10,23 Autonomic neuropathies that diminish the ability of salivary glands to respond to a salivary stimulus or microvascular changes that compromise the ability of salivary glands to respond to neural or hormonal stimulation in diabetic patients could explain the significantly lower salivary flow rates in diabetics.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Candidal carriage in patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus

et al. 2015

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Background: It is generally acknowledged that patients with diabetes mellitus are more susceptible to fungal infections, particularly with Candida albicans. Oral infection by Candida can result in a number of clinical lesions, including median rhomboid glossitis (central papillary atrophy), denture stomatitis, squamous cell carcinoma, Radiation therapy, immunocompromised status, etc. Different studies have shown that patients with diabetes mellitus have increased frequency of oral candidal carriage and increased risk of candidiasis, which is related to poor metabolic control, neutrophil dysfunction, reduced salivary flow, high glucose concentration in blood and saliva and in medications. Materials and Methods:Subjects of both the groups were given 10 ml of sterile normal saline and asked to rinse the mouth for one minute. The subjects were then asked to return the oral rinse in a sterile clean, broad-mouthed container which was capped, labelled and taken to the laboratory. The samples were then inoculated onto the culture medium (Sabouraud's dextrose agar with Chloramphenicol) with minimal delay (within 6-8 hours of collection of oral rinse). Candidal colonies were counted and compared with non-diabetics.Results: Statistically significant increase in colony forming units (p=0.0324) were obtained in patients with diabetes mellitus. Conclusion:The results indicate significant increase in colonization and carriage of candida in the oral cavity among diabetics when compared with non-diabetics. However, further research using larger samples is required which may lend credibility to the suggestion of increased candidal CFUs in diabetics serving as a surrogate marker of serum glucose levels.

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“…It is associated with reduced salivary pH and facilitates oral candidal overgrowth and colonization. [7] As an opportunistic infection, oral candidiasis is also associated with a wide spectrum of systemic dis--eases that suppress the host auto--immunity [8].…”

Section: Denture Wearingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral candidiasis: relation to systemic diseases and medications

Chu

2017

d3000

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Background: Oral candidiasis is by far the most common oral fungal infec!on in humans. It is caused by the fungal or--ganism Candida albicans. When the host is debilitated by other diseases and condi!ons, C. albicans, which is usually a part of the normal oral flora, can turn pathogenic and invade the host 2ssue to cause the infec2on. The purpose of this paper is to inves-gate the role of systemic diseases and medica-ons in the development of oral candidiasis. Methods: A total of 12 cases with code indica2ng oral candidiasis were collected from the University of Pi.sburgh School of Dental Medicine Dental Registry and DNA Repository. The systemic diseases and medica*ons were descrip--!vely analyzed. Results: 50% of the subjects had more than two systemic diseases. The most prevalent diseases were mental illnesses (50%), cardiovascular diseases (41.7%), and respiratory system diseases (33.3%). 50% of subjects were on polypharmacy therapies and 75% of subjects were taking medica-ons that may contribute to oral candidiasis. Among the medica!ons, an!depressants and inhala#onal cor#costeroids may have strong poten#als to cause oral candidiasis. Conclusion: Oral candidiasis is associated with having systemic diseases and intake of medica.on, espe--cially with those medica!ons can cause xerostomia. As the number of systemic diseases and medica!ons increases, the risk of developing oral candidiasis may increase too.

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Candidal overgrowth in diabetic patients: potential predisposing factors

Cited by 126 publications

References 26 publications

Common infections in diabetes: pathogenesis, management and relationship to glycaemic control

Common infections in diabetes: pathogenesis, management and relationship to glycaemic control

Assessment of Candidal carriage in patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus

Oral candidiasis: relation to systemic diseases and medications

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