Candida urinary tract infections in adults

Odabaşı, Zekaver; Mert, Ali

doi:10.1007/s00345-019-02991-5

Cited by 46 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The brine shrimp test yielded LC 50 values >10 mg/mL that were indicatory for choosing a concentration limit at least ten-fold lower than LC 50 for the following bio-pharmacological tests [16]. In this regard, the extracts were assayed for antimicrobial activity against multiple bacterial and fungi strains (Tables 2-4), including Candida and dermatophyte species, that could be involved in infectious disorders of the urinary tract [28][29][30][31]. It is of noteworthy interest that most of the tested extracts showed bacteriostatic and mycostatic effects at concentrations much lower than LC 50 values calculated via the brine shrimp test.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the water solubility of plant secondary metabolites could be limited, previous studies of ours suggested the use of microwave-and ultrasound-assisted methods for improving phenol extraction that was paralleled by increased anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects [16,24,25]. In the present study, the extracts' antimicrobial activity was tested against bacterial (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus) and fungi strains (Candida albicans, C. tropicalis) involved in prostatitis and LUTS [2,3,[26][27][28]. Additionally, anti-mycotic activities were also tested against multiple species of dermatophytes (Trichophyton rubrum, T. tonsurans, T. erinacei, Arthroderma crocatum, A. quadrifidum, A. gypseum, A. Currey, and A. insingulare).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

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Phenolic Content and Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Solidago virga-aurea, Phyllanthus niruri, Epilobium angustifolium, Peumus boldus, and Ononis spinosa Extracts

et al. 2020

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Prostatitis is an inflammatory condition that is related to multiple infectious agents, including bacteria and fungi. Traditional herbal extracts proved efficacious in controlling clinical symptoms associated with prostatitis. In this context, the aim of the present study was to explore the efficacy of extracts from Solidago virga-aurea, Ononis spinosa, Peumus boldus, Epilobium angustifolium, and Phyllanthus niruri against bacterial (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus) and fungi strains (Candida albicans; C. tropicalis) involved in prostatitis. Additionally, anti-mycotic effects were tested against multiple species of dermatophytes (Trichophyton rubrum, T. tonsurans, T. erinacei, Arthroderma crocatum, A. quadrifidum, A. gypseum, A. currey, and A. insingulare). Antioxidant effects were also evaluated in isolated rat prostates challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and phytochemical analyses were conducted to identify and quantify selected phenolic compounds, in the extracts. Finally, a bioinformatics analysis was conducted to predict putative human and microbial enzymes targeted by extracts’ phytocompounds and underlying the observed bio-pharmacological effects. The phytochemical analysis highlighted that rutin levels could be crucial for explaining the highest antibacterial activity of P. boldus extract, especially against E. coli and B. cereus. On the other hand, in the E. angustifolium extract, catechin concentration could partially explain the highest efficacy of this extract in reducing lipid peroxidation, in isolated rat prostates stimulated with LPS. Concluding, the results of the present study showed moderate antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects induced by water extracts of S. virga-aurea, P. boldus, E. angustifolium, P. niruri, and O. spinosa that could be related, at least partially, to the phenolic composition of the phytocomplex.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Phenolic Content and Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Solidago virga-aurea, Phyllanthus niruri, Epilobium angustifolium, Peumus boldus, and Ononis spinosa Extracts

et al. 2020

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“…Urinary infections by Candida (usually asymptomatic) are caused by either the ascending or the hematogenous routes. By the ascending route, fungi are suggestively derived from the perineum, spreading into the bladder and then leading to colonization (it can occur into the collecting system of the kidneys) [2,5,6]. The ascending infection of the upper urinary tract is rare, and the risk increases with obstruction of it, diabetes mellitus, or urinary reflux [5,6].…”

Section: Fungal Urinary Tract Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By the ascending route, fungi are suggestively derived from the perineum, spreading into the bladder and then leading to colonization (it can occur into the collecting system of the kidneys) [2,5,6]. The ascending infection of the upper urinary tract is rare, and the risk increases with obstruction of it, diabetes mellitus, or urinary reflux [5,6]. The yeasts adhere to endothelial or urothelial cells, colonize the local area, evade the immune response, and, lastly, invade tissue or disseminate to distant sites within the body.…”

Section: Fungal Urinary Tract Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urine Sediment Findings and the Immune Response to Pathologies in Fungal Urinary Tract Infections Caused by Candida spp.

Poloni

Rotta

2020

JoF

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Fungi are pathogenic agents that can also cause disseminated infections involving the kidneys. Besides Candida, other agents like Cryptococcus spp. can cause urinary tract infection (UTI), as well as other non-yeast fungi, especially among immunocompromised patients. The detection and identification of fungi in urine samples (by microscopy and culture) plays an essential role in the diagnosis of fungal UTI. However, variable cutoff definitions and unreliable culture techniques may skew analysis of the incidence and outcome of candiduria. The sediment analysis plays a key role in the identification of fungal UTI because both yeasts and pseudohyphae are easily identified and can be used as a clinical sign of fungal UTI but should not be overinterpreted. Indeed, urine markers of the immune response (leukocytes), urine barriers of tissue protection (epithelial cells), and urine markers of kidney disease (urinary casts) can be found in urine samples. This work explores the manifestations associated with the fungal UTI from the urinalysis perspective, namely the urinary findings and clinical picture of patients with fungal UTI caused by Candida spp., aspects associated with the immune response, and the future perspectives of urinalysis in the diagnosis of this clinical condition.

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“…The Candida score or colonization index is used to distinguish Candida colonization and invasive candidiasis in non-neutropenic critical patients. The presence of Candida colonization at multiple body sites (i.e., urine, respiratory secretions, oral, rectal, and inguinal) may be an important clue for treatment [5]. Specifically, such scoring systems gain particular importance in the frail elderly population because of a lack of evidence-based guidelines.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%