Candida tropicalis biofilm's matrix—involvement on its resistance to amphotericin B

Fernandes, Tânia; Silva, Sónia; Henriques, Mariana

doi:10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2015.06.015

Cited by 32 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…1), what is a very important issue regarding cytotoxicity and therefore patient's safety. As is now, pre-formed biofilms are mature biofilms, which subsequently possesses a complex extracellular matrix, that difficult the penetration of agents, presenting higher resistance to antifungals [4,23,26,27]. Interestingly, it was observed an increase in total biomass when pre-formed biofilms were treated with intermediate concentrations of antifungal agent (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Effect of Voriconazole on Candida tropicalis Biofilms: Relation with ERG Genes Expression

2016

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Candida tropicalis has emerged as the third most prevalent fungal pathogens and its ability to form biofilms has been considered one of the most important virulence factors, since biofilms represent high tolerance to antifungal agents. However, the mechanisms of C. tropicalis biofilm resistance to antifungals remain poorly understood. Thus, the main aim of this work was to infer about the effect of voriconazole on the formation and control of C. tropicalis biofilms and disclose its relationship with ERG genes' expression. Planktonic cells tolerance of several C. tropicalis clinical isolates to voriconazole was determined through of antifungal susceptibility test, and the effect of this azole against C. tropicalis biofilm formation and pre-formed biofilms was evaluated by cultivable cells determination and total biomass quantification. ERG genes expression was analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. This work showed that C. tropicalis resistance to voriconazole is strain dependent and that voriconazole was able to partially control biofilm formation, but was unable to eradicate C. tropicalis pre-formed biofilms. Moreover, C. tropicalis biofilms resistance to voriconazole seems to be associated with alterations of sterol content in the cell membrane, resulting in ERG genes overexpression. Voriconazole is unable to control C. tropicalis biofilms, and the overexpression of ERG genes is a possible mechanism of biofilm resistance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Effect of Voriconazole on Candida tropicalis Biofilms: Relation with ERG Genes Expression

2016

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“…Biofilm formation, an important virulence factor for pathogenic fungi, often contributes to the development of antimicrobial resistance [11][12][13][14]. Fungal biofilms are surface-associated communities of microbial cells protected by an extracellular polysaccharide-rich matrix that inhibits diffusion and cell uptake of antimicrobial agents [11,12,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid Systems for the Delivery of Amphotericin B in Antifungal Therapy

2020

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Amphotericin B (AmB), a broad-spectrum polyene antibiotic in the clinic for more than fifty years, remains the gold standard in the treatment of life-threatening invasive fungal infections and visceral leishmaniasis. Due to its poor water solubility and membrane permeability, AmB is conventionally formulated with deoxycholate as a micellar suspension for intravenous administration, but severe infusion-related side effects and nephrotoxicity hamper its therapeutic potential. Lipid-based formulations, such as liposomal AmB, have been developed which significantly reduce the toxic side effects of the drug. However, their high cost and the need for parenteral administration limit their widespread use. Therefore, delivery systems that can retain or even enhance antimicrobial efficacy while simultaneously reducing AmB adverse events are an active area of research. Among those, lipid systems have been extensively investigated due to the high affinity of AmB for binding lipids. The development of a safe and cost-effective oral formulation able to improve drug accessibility would be a major breakthrough, and several lipid systems for the oral delivery of AmB are currently under development. This review summarizes recent advances in lipid-based systems for targeted delivery of AmB focusing on non-parenteral nanoparticulate formulations mainly investigated over the last five years and highlighting those that are currently in clinical trials.

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“…A 2010 study by the d'Enfert group corroborated the importance of matrix for antifungal protection from the polyene antifungal, amphotericin B (Vediyappan et al 2010). Further studies have demonstrated a role for β-1,3 glucan in the resistance against additional classes of antifungals, and in the species C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis (Nett et al 2010a;Mitchell et al 2013;Yi et al 2011;Fernandes et al 2015).…”

Section: Role Of Candida Matrix In Drug Resistancementioning

confidence: 75%

The Extracellular Matrix of Fungal Biofilms

Mitchell

Żarnowski

Andes

2016

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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A key feature of biofilms is their production of an extracellular matrix. This material covers the biofilm cells, providing a protective barrier to the surrounding environment. During an infection setting, this can include such offenses as host cells and products of the immune system as well as drugs used for treatment. Studies over the past two decades have revealed the matrix from different biofilm species to be as diverse as the microbes themselves. This chapter will review the composition and roles of matrix from fungal biofilms, with primary focus on Candida species, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Cryptococcus neoformans. Additional coverage will be provided on the antifungal resistance proffered by the Candida albicans matrix, which has been studied in the most depth. A brief section on the matrix produced by bacterial biofilms will be provided for comparison. Current tools for studying the matrix will also be discussed, as well as suggestions for areas of future study in this field.

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Candida tropicalis biofilm's matrix—involvement on its resistance to amphotericin B

Cited by 32 publications

References 20 publications

Effect of Voriconazole on Candida tropicalis Biofilms: Relation with ERG Genes Expression

Effect of Voriconazole on Candida tropicalis Biofilms: Relation with ERG Genes Expression

Lipid Systems for the Delivery of Amphotericin B in Antifungal Therapy

The Extracellular Matrix of Fungal Biofilms

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