Candida species distribution, genotyping and virulence factors of Candida albicans isolated from the oral cavity of kidney transplant recipients of two geographic regions of Brazil

Abstract

BackgroundCandida albicans is a diploid yeast that in some circumstances may cause oral or oropharyngeal infections. This investigation aimed to study the prevalence of Candida spp. and to analyze the ABC genotypes of 76 clinical isolates of C. albicans obtained from the oral cavity of kidney transplant patients from two distinct geographic regions of Brazil.MethodsWe typed 48 strains with ABC genotyping and Microsatelitte using primer M13 and tested three virulence factors in vitro: phospholipase activity, morphogenesis and the ability to evade from polymorphonuclear neutrophils phagocytosis.ResultsC. albicans was the most prevalent species (86.4%), followed by C. tropicalis (4.5%). C. albicans genotype A was the most prevalent (58 isolates; 76.4%), followed by genotype C (15 isolates; 19.7%) and genotype B (3 isolates; 3.9%). When Microsatellite technique with primer M13 was applied, 80% of the isolates from the South were placed within the same cluster. The majority of Genotype C strains were grouped together within two different clusters. Genotype C was considered more resistant to PMNs attack than genotypes A and B. Strains isolated from the South of Brazil showed also better ability to combat PMNs phagocytosis.ConclusionsWe found a high rate of C. albicans genotype C strains isolated from the oral cavity of this group of patients. This study characterized oral C. albicans strains isolated from kidney transplant recipients and will contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of oral candidiasis.

Virulence and antifungal susceptibility of microsatellite genotypes of Candida albicans from superficial and deep locations

“…Not only the host's immune system is a major factor balancing the transition from commensalism to pathogenicity, but also fungal features as adhesion, hyphal formation, phenotypic switching, extracellular enzyme production, and biofilm formation contribute to C. albicans virulence. Selective proliferation of some genes of commensal strains may precede the transition of C. albicans to infection (Abdulrahim, McManus, Flint, & Coleman, ; da Silva‐Rocha, Lemos, Svidizisnki, Milan, & Chaves, ). The possibility that chronic inflammation, in which C. albicans infection can play a role, may enhance the development of cancer has been brought forward by several authors (e.g., Norgaard, Thomsen, Farkas, Mogensen, & Sorensen, ; Ramirez‐Garcia et al, ).…”

Genotype comparison of Candida albicans isolates from different clinical samples

“…Despite a significant number of previously published studies on ABC genotypes in Candida albicans, no data concerning the prevalence of genotype C in HIV-infected patients have been reported. Our findings could be explained by the higher resistance of genotype C isolates to polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) attack compared with genotypes A and B isolates [12] correlated with an impaired PMNs activity that usually occurs during HIV infection [13].…”

Antimicrobial activity of three Lamiaceae essential oils against common oral pathogens

“…In antifungal assay, fifty eight clinical isolates of Candida spp., as well as two references strains (Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Candida tropicalis ATCC 750), were used. The reference strains were obtained from the collection of the Laboratory microbiota, after the homeostatic conditions in oral cavity changes, it starts overgrowing and causing very specific symptoms 8 . The most common reasons for the infection use to be the excessive use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, immunosuppressant's (corticosteroids and cytostatics), inadequate dentures an poor oral hygiene 9 .…”