Two strains (NYNU 121010 T and NYNU 121032) of a novel basidiomycetous yeast species belonging to the genus Sympodiomycopsis were isolated from insect frass collected from trunks of a pagoda tree (Sophora japonica L.) in Yantai, Shandong province, east China. The sequence analyses of the D1/D2 domain of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region indicated that the closest relatives were Sympodiomycopsis kandeliae FIRDI 007 T , Sympodiomycopsis paphiopedili CBS 7429 T and Sympodiomycopsis sp. S6A. The D1/D2sequences of the novel strains differed by 12 nt substitutions (2 %) from the type strain of S. kandeliae, and by 13 nt substitutions (2.2 %) from the type strain of S. paphiopedili and from Sympodiomycopsis sp. S6A. The novel strains differed from closely related species by more than 4.6 % substitutions in the ITS region. The novel strains can also be distinguished from S. kandeliae and S. paphiopedili on the basis of a number of morphological and physiological characteristics and represent a novel species in the genus Sympodiomycopsis, for which the name Sympodiomycopsis yantaiensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NYNU 121010 T (5CICC 32998 T 5CBS 12813 T ). The Mycobank deposit number is MB 804119.The anamorphic genus Sympodiomycopsis, which is a member of the family Microstromatales, was proposed by Sugiyama et al. (1991) to accommodate the single species, Sympodiomycopsis paphiopedili, which secretes an antifungal glycolipid into the culture medium Kulakovskaya et al., 2004). An additional species, Sympodiomycopsis lanaiensis, was described in the genus (Mahdi et al., 2008), but the species has since been transferred to a new genus, Jaminaea, established by Sipiczki & Kajdacsi (2009) and based on phenotypic characteristics and molecular phylogeny (Wei et al., 2011). More recently, a novel species, Sympodiomycopsis kandeliae has been described (Wei et al., 2011). The differentiation of members of the genus Sympodiomycopsis based on morphological and physiological characteristics is potentially time-consuming, expensive and inaccurate (Sipiczki & Kajdacsi, 2009;Wei et al., 2011). As a result, there has been a shift in favour to using molecular-based techniques to improve taxonomy within the genus Sympodiomycopsis.In a survey of yeast diversity associated with the natural environment of east China, sixty-nine yeast strains were isolated from insect frass. Based on DNA sequence comparisons and phenetic characters, the majority of isolates were identified as known species: Candida glabrata, Candida melibiosica, Candida quercitrusa, Cyberlindnera jadinii, Cryptococcus flavescens, Hannaella oryzae, Lachancea kluyveri and Rhodosporidium paludigenum. Among them, two novel yeast strains, NYNU 121010 T and NYNU 121032, could not be ascribed to any known species. Further sequence analyses of the D1/D2 domain of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region showed that these strains represent a novel species of the genus Sympodiomy...