Candida auris on Apples: Diversity and Clinical Significance

Yadav, Anamika; Jain, Kusum; Wang, Yue; Pawar, Kalpana; Kaur, Hardeep; Sharma, Krishan Kumar; Tripathy, Vandana; Singh, Ashutosh; Xu, Jianping; Chowdhary, Anuradha

doi:10.1128/mbio.00518-22

Cited by 39 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…These environmental strains were genetically close to the clinical isolates from India (South Asian clade) and, with the exception of one isolate, showed multidrug resistance [ 37 ]. Moreover, C. auris was isolated from the surfaces of stored apples; these strains were closely related to strains from patients, hospitals in India as well as to clinical strains from other parts of the world (South Asian clade) [ 38 ]. As hospital environmental isolates may be the source of colonization or infection in critically ill patients, antifungal susceptibility testing of these isolates is mandatory.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vivo Efficacy of Amphotericin B against Four Candida auris Clades

Forgács

Borman

Kovács

et al. 2022

JoF

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Candida auris is a multidrug-resistant fungus against which in some clinical situations amphotericin B (AMB) remains the alternative or first line drug. We compared daily 1 mg/kg of AMB efficacy in a neutropenic murine bloodstream infection model against 10 isolates representing four C. auris clades (South Asian n = 2; East Asian n = 2; South African n = 2; South American n = 4; two of which were of environmental origin). Five days of AMB treatment significantly increased the survival rates in mice infected with isolates of the East Asian clade, and 1 isolate each from the South African and South American clades (originated from bloodstream), but not in mice infected with the South Asian and 2 environmental isolates from the South American clades. AMB treatment decreased the fungal burden in mice infected with the 2 isolates each from East Asian and South African, and 1 out of 2 bloodstream isolates from South American clades in the hearts (p < 0.01), kidneys (p < 0.01) and brain (p < 0.05). AMB treatment, regardless of clades, significantly decreased colony forming units in the urine at day 3. However, histopathological examination in AMB-treated mice revealed large aggregates of yeast cells in the kidneys and hearts, and focal lesions in the cerebra and cerebelli, regardless of precise C. auris clade. Our clade-specific data confirm that the efficacy of AMB against C. auris is weak, explaining the therapeutic failures in clinical situations. Our results draw attention to the necessity to maximize the killing at the start of treatment to avoid later complications in the heart and central nervous system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vivo Efficacy of Amphotericin B against Four Candida auris Clades

Forgács

Borman

Kovács

et al. 2022

JoF

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“…Tracking the geographical origin and the dynamics of spread is especially challenging in fungi due to their complex ecology and the large timescales, usually, millennia, that encompass the evolution of these organisms [4,36]. Reconstructing likely scenarios for spread is essential to understanding disease emergence and risks to public health; both natural history and human commercial activities have been correlated with the emergence of fungal etiologic agents and fungal resistance, such as in Candida auris [37,38] and C. gattii VGII [39]. These advances/theories are particularly reliant on whole-genome sequencing and molecular clock analyses that reveal the time scale and patterns of evolution; these efforts are ongoing for C. gattii VGVI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenomic Placement of American Southwest-Associated Clinical and Veterinary Isolates Expands Evidence for Distinct <i>Cryptococcus Gattii</i> VGVI.

Monroy-Nieto¹,

Bowers²,

Montfort³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Whole-genome sequencing has advanced our understanding of the population structure of the pathogenic species complex Cryptococcus gattii, which has allowed for the phylogenomic specification of previously described major molecular type groupings and novel lineages. Recently, isolates collected in Mexico in the 1960s were determined to be genetically distant from other known molecular types and were classified as VGVI. We sequenced four clinical isolates and one veterinary isolate collected in the southwestern U.S. and Argentina during 2012-2021. Phylogenomic analysis groups these genomes with those of the Mexican VGVI isolates, expanding VGVI into a clade and establishing this molecular type as a clinically important population. These findings also potentially expand the known Cryptococcus ecological range with a previously unrecognized endemic area.

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“…In the study by Yadav et al ( 1 ), the investigators screened fruits for the presence of fungi and identified a large number of fungal species present on the surfaces of fruit. A total of 84 fruits from 9 different plant species were screened from northern India, and a total of 144 yeast strains were isolated, including pathogenic and nonpathogenic species.…”

Section: Commentarymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apart from the isolated fungi, the investigators also detected antifungal compounds on the surface of stored apples as well as on freshly picked apples from nonorganic orchards ( 1 ). This is not surprising because antifungals are commonly employed during storage to extend the life of fruit and during cultivation to reduce the risks of infection.…”

Section: Commentarymentioning

confidence: 99%

On Fruits and Fungi: A Risk of Antifungal Usage in Food Storage and Distribution in Driving Drug Resistance in Candida auris

Yadav

Heitman

2022

mBio

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The continuous emergence of antifungal drug resistance is a mounting concern for the treatment of fungal infections worldwide. While many pathogenic fungi exhibit some level of antifungal drug resistance, the identification of Candida auris has brought this phenomenon to the fore in recent years. C. auris exhibits resistance to all antifungal drugs used for treatment, and it does so at a very high rate, with more than 90% of isolates being resistant to at least one drug and roughly 4% being panresistant.

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Candida auris on Apples: Diversity and Clinical Significance

Abstract: In 2019, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention classified the multidrug-resistant Candida auris as one of five pathogens posing the most urgent threats to public health.

Cited by 39 publications

References 46 publications

In Vivo Efficacy of Amphotericin B against Four Candida auris Clades

In Vivo Efficacy of Amphotericin B against Four Candida auris Clades

Phylogenomic Placement of American Southwest-Associated Clinical and Veterinary Isolates Expands Evidence for Distinct <i>Cryptococcus Gattii</i> VGVI.

On Fruits and Fungi: A Risk of Antifungal Usage in Food Storage and Distribution in Driving Drug Resistance in Candida auris

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