Cancrum oris: Principles of management and reconstructive surgery

Adekeye, E.O.; Ord, Robert A.

doi:10.1016/s0301-0503(83)80040-x

Cited by 54 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In Nigeria, considerable accounts of specific surgical conditions have been published 2,5,7,9,16 with only one publication 1 on the overall pattern of presentation at oral/maxillofacial surgical clinics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Nigeria, there are considerable data on specific surgical conditions such as facial fractures, [2][3][4] tumors [5][6][7] and other maxillofacial conditions. [8][9][10] However, reports of the overall pattern of presentation to oral and maxillofacial surgical treatment centers in Nigeria are quite few. To date, only one 1 exists to our knowledge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Audit of oral and maxillofacial surgical conditions seen at Port Harcourt, Nigeria

2008

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Background:The worldwide pattern of oral and maxillofacial surgical conditions has been rarely reported despite its significance in head and neck medicine. The Niger Delta region comprises 9 of the 36 states in the Federal Republic of Nigeria. There are scanty reports on oral and maxillofacial surgical diseases from the region despite its 95% contribution to Nigeria's oil-revenue. Methods: This retrospective survey of oral/maxillofacial surgical cases seen at a referral center in Port Harcourt, a city in the Niger delta region of Nigeria. Results: Between 2000 and 2004, our center offered specialized maxillofacial surgical services to 86 patients coming from 5 states in the Niger delta region. These patients made up 20% of all patients seen at the department within the period. There were 110 indications for surgical interventions. Most were complaints of trauma (46.4%). The rest were tumors and allied lesions (39.0%) and cysts (12.7%). Ratio of male to female patients was 1.7:1 while patients were aged between 9 and 85years (mean 31.2years, standard deviation ±15.4). Most (n = 63, 73%) had surgical treatment while a significant proportion (19%) defaulted. Seventy -nine surgical procedures were performed (69 primary and 10 secondary). Primary procedures included maxillo-mandibular fixation (31.9%) and enucleation of tumor/cyst (17.4%). While our series of 86 cases over 4years appears low, there is likelihood that oral and maxillofacial surgical conditions are as common in the Niger Delta region as in other parts of Nigeria. There is scarcity of skilled manpower and equipments for the management of oral maxillofacial surgical conditions in the region. Health promotion activities are needed to improve awareness for early diagnosis of these conditions. Also, poverty alleviation measures need to be effective as defaults were often due to inability to pay for treatment. Conclusion: In many parts of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria, oral and maxillofacial surgical diseases are not uncommon causes of morbidity. However, many parts of the region lack requisite manpower for prevention and curative health activities. Defaults from hospital treatment were due to preference for traditional (unorthodox) measures and financial inability. Poverty alleviation measures need to be stepped up while the state of medical infrastructure should be enhanced in the region. Keywords: oral, maxillofacial, diseases, trauma, tumors, cysts, cancerRésumé Introduction: La tendance mondiale de la situation de la chirurgie buccale et maxillo a été rarement signalée en dépit de son importance dans le domaine de médecine de la tête et du cou. La région du Niger Delta comprend 9 des 36 Etats de la République Fédérale du Nigéria. Il y peu de rapports sur la maladie de la chirurgie buccale et maxillo dans la région en dépit de sa 95% contribution au revenu pétrolier du Nigéria.Oral and maxillofacial surgical conditions in Nigeria. Adebayo E. T. et al. Page | 30Méthodes: Cette étude rétrospective des cas d'oral/chirurgie maxillo vus à un cent...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Audit of oral and maxillofacial surgical conditions seen at Port Harcourt, Nigeria

2008

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“…Routine presurgical clinical investigations, including full blood count and differentials, chest, skull and, when feasible, full mouth radiological examinations must be carried out and documented. Skull radiographs that usually include temporomandibular joint (TMJ) views reveal the extent of bony ankylosis and trismus present in a particular patient [11,[56][57][58]. Various profiles of presurgical photographs are also documented, and subsequently used side-by-side with postsurgical photographs and other clinical parameters to assess treatment outcome.…”

Section: Surgical Reconstructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Abbe-Estlander, nasolabial, and temporoauricular (Washio type) are local flaps that produce excellent results in small to moderate defects involving the upper lip, paranasal, and nasal areas [61]. Closure of oronasal fistulas can be achieved with the aid of tongue flaps [11]. Overall, because of the complexity of most noma defects, single surgical procedures are not always feasible, and most cases require revision surgeries to correct residual undesired functional and esthetic outcome of initial treatment.…”

Section: Surgical Reconstructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NOMA: A Preventable “Scourge” of African Children

Ogbureke¹

2010

TODENTJ

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Noma is a serious orofacial gangrene originating intraorally in the gingival-oral mucosa complex before spreading extraorally to produce a visibly destructive ulcer. Although cases of noma are now rarely reported in the developed countries, it is still prevalent among children in third world countries, notably in sub-Sahara Africa, where poverty, ignorance, malnutrition, and preventable childhood infections are still common. This review summarizes historical, epidemiological, management, and research updates on noma with suggestions for its prevention and ultimate global eradication. The global annual incidence remains high at about 140,000 cases, with a mortality rate exceeding 90% for untreated diseases. Where the patients survive, noma defects result in unsightly facial disfigurement, intense scarring, trismus, oral incompetence, and social alienation. Although the etiology has long been held to be infectious, a definitive causal role between microorganisms cited, and noma has been difficult to establish. The management of noma with active disease requires antibiotics followed by reconstructive surgery. Current research efforts are focused towards a comprehensive understanding of the epidemiology, and further elucidation of the microbiology and pathogenesis of noma.Although a formidable public health challenge, noma can be prevented with a potential for subsequent global eradication. To achieve both desirable goals, detection of early disease is crucial because these early lesions respond to conventional antibiotic treatments when instituted side by side with nutritional rehabilitation, and obviates the necessity for extensive surgical reconstruction often indicated in late stage disease. The eradication of noma in the developed world in the mid 20 th century bears out the notion of a similar outcome following effective preventive strategies in Africa. A fundamental and necessary step towards attaining this goal is for the international community to adopt a perception of noma as an urgent global public health challenge. Research effort toward deciphering the microbiology, molecular events, and pathogenesis of noma also should intensify.

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“…38 Oral ulcers can arise in primary, secondary or tertiary disease. In primary disease, a chancre can develop on the oral mucosa as a consequence of direct contact with an infective lesion.…”

Section: Treponema Pallidummentioning

confidence: 99%

Ulcerative Lesions of the Mouth: An Update for the General Medical Practitioner

Leão

Gomes

Porter

2007

Clinics

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Leão JC, Gomes VB, Porter S. Ulcerative lesions of the mouth: an update for the general medical practitioner. Clinics. 2007;62(6):769-80.Oral ulceration is a common complaint of patients attending out-patient clinics. Because of the diversity in causes of oral ulceration, patients presenting with oral mucosal disease can be challenging to diagnose and manage. Patients with signs or symptoms of oral ulcers are sometimes referred to gastroenterology clinics; however, in most instances the ulcers do not result from gastrointestinal disease. The aim of the present article is to review aspects of the etiology, diagnosis and management of common ulcerative disorders of the oral mucosa. A search in the National Library of Medicine computerized bibliographic database MEDLINE was performed. Selection of publications, extraction of data, and validity assessment were then performed by the authors. Based upon the searched literature, it is concluded that there are several systemic disorders that can present with similar clinical signs and symptoms, and knowledge of each disease is necessary for the clinician to provide proper management.

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Cancrum oris: Principles of management and reconstructive surgery

Cited by 54 publications

References 18 publications

Audit of oral and maxillofacial surgical conditions seen at Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Audit of oral and maxillofacial surgical conditions seen at Port Harcourt, Nigeria

NOMA: A Preventable “Scourge” of African Children

Ulcerative Lesions of the Mouth: An Update for the General Medical Practitioner

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