Cancers of the Oral Cavity and Pharynx

Mayne, Susan T.; Morse, Donald R.; Winn, Deborah M.

doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195149616.003.0035

Cited by 98 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 279 publications

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“…Cancer of the pharynx, except nasopharynx, has the same risk factors as oral cancer, alcohol and tobacco being the main aetiological agents [50,56]. The high risk occupations observed here are those mostly working with the production or distribution of these products or having easy access to them, or those which belong to work cultures where liberal attitudes towards drinking and smoking have been prevalent.…”

Section: Pharyngeal Cancermentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Both tobacco and alcohol are established risk factors, while the consumption of fruit and/or vegetables has frequently been seen to reduce risk [50]. Infection with human papilloma virus entails an increased risk.…”

Section: Tongue Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therapeutic and diagnostic radiation and UV radiation to the head and neck are established risk factors for cancer of the salivary glands [50]. Alcohol, tobacco, and viral infections play a minor role, if any.…”

Section: Cancer Of the Salivary Glandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tobacco and alcohol are the major risk factors for oral cancer, both separately and in combination [50]. Infection with human papilloma virus entails an increased risk [54], while a high consumption of fruit and/or vegetables reduces risk.…”

Section: Cancer Of the Oral Cavitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occupation and cancer – follow-up of 15 million people in five Nordic countries

et al. 2009

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We present up to 45 years of cancer incidence data by occupational category for the Nordic populations. The study covers the 15 million people aged 30Á64 years in the 1960, 1970, 1980/1981 and/or 1990 censuses in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, and the 2.8 million incident cancer cases diagnosed in these people in a follow-up until about 2005. The study was undertaken as a cohort study with linkage of individual records based on the personal identity codes used in all the Nordic countries.In the censuses, information on occupation for each person was provided through free text in self-administered questionnaires. The data were centrally coded and computerised in the statistical offices. For the present study, the original occupational codes were reclassified into 53 occupational categories and one group of economically inactive persons.All Nordic countries have a nation-wide registration of incident cancer cases during the entire study period. For the present study the incident cancer cases were classified into 49 primary diagnostic categories. Some categories have been further divided according to sub-site or morphological type. The observed number of cancer cases in each group of persons defined by country, sex, age, period and occupation was compared with the expected number calculated from the stratum specific person years and the incidence rates for the national population. The result was presented as a standardised incidence ratio, SIR, defined as the observed number of cases divided by the expected number. For all cancers combined (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer), the study showed a wide variation among men from an SIR of 0.79 (95% confidence interval 0.66Á0.95) in domestic assistants to 1.48 (1.43Á1.54) in waiters. The occupations with the highest SIRs also included workers producing beverage and tobacco, seamen and chimney sweeps. Among women, the SIRs varied from 0.58 (0.37Á0.87) in seafarers to 1.27 (1.19Á1.35) in tobacco workers. Low SIRs were found for farmers, gardeners and teachers.Our study was able to repeat most of the confirmed associations between occupations and cancers. It is known that almost all mesotheliomas are associated with asbestos exposure. Accordingly, plumbers, seamen and mechanics were the occupations with the highest risk in the present study. Mesothelioma was the cancer type showing the largest relative differences between the occupations. Outdoor workers such as fishermen, gardeners and farmers had the highest risk of lip cancer, while the lowest risk was found among indoor workers such as physicians and artistic workers.Studies of nasal cancer have shown increased risks associated with exposure to wood dust, both for those in furniture making and for those exposed exclusively to soft wood like the majority of Nordic woodworkers. We observed an SIR of 1.84 (1.66Á2.04) in male and 1.88 (0.90Á3.46) in female woodworkers. For nasal adenocarcinoma, the SIR in males was as high as 5.50 (4.60Á6.56).Male waiters and tobacco workers had the highest risk of ...

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Section: Pharyngeal Cancermentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Tongue Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cancer Of the Salivary Glandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cancer Of the Oral Cavitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occupation and cancer – follow-up of 15 million people in five Nordic countries

et al. 2009

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“…Most oral cancers are squamous cell carcinomas, and the vast majority of oral squamous cell carcinomas are preceded by precursor lesions that can present as either leukoplakia, erythroplakia, or erythroleukoplakia [2,3]. Microscopically, these lesions may exhibit oral epithelial dysplasia (OED), a histopathologic diagnosis characterized by cellular changes and maturational disturbances indicative of developing malignancy [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking and drinking in relation to oral cancer and oral epithelial dysplasia

Morse

Psoter

Cleveland

et al. 2007

Cancer Causes Control

Self Cite

142

125

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Objective-Risks associated with smoking and drinking are not necessarily constant over the multistage pathway to oral cancer. We investigated whether smoking and drinking patterns differ for persons with oral cancer (OC) relative to those with oral epithelial dysplasia (OED), a precancerous condition.Methods-Incident cases of OC and OED were interviewed using a questionnaire containing questions on smoking and drinking. Odds ratios (ORs) compared the odds of smoking and drinking among persons with OC relative to OED.Results-No adjusted ORs for smoking achieved statistical significance; however, most were <1.0. The odds of OC relative to OED increased with drinking level; the adjusted OR for 19+ drinks/week was 3.03 (1.56-5.87). Age drinking began and years of drinking were not notably different for OC and OED cases; a higher proportion of OC cases reported discontinuing alcohol for 9+ years before diagnosis. Conclusions-The relationship between smoking and OED was at least as strong as that for smoking and OC, suggesting that smoking may have its greatest impact on oral carcinogenesis prior

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Antihypertensive Drugs and Lip Cancer in Non-Hispanic Whites

Friedman¹,

Asgari²,

Warton³

et al. 2012

Arch Intern Med

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Background In screening pharmaceuticals for possible carcinogenic effects we noted an association between lip cancer risk and the photosensitizing antihypertensive drugs hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and nifedipine. Here we further characterized risk of lip cancer associated with these and other commonly used antihypertensive drugs. Methods In a comprehensive medical care program we ascertained prescriptions dispensed and cancer occurence from August 1994 to February 2008. We identified 712 patients with lip cancer (cases) and 22,904 age, sex, and cohort year of entry-matched comparison subjects (controls) in the susceptible group, non-Hispanic whites. We determined their use at least two years before diagnosis or control index date of the commonly prescribed diuretics, HCTZ and HCTZ combined with triamterene (HCTZ/TR), the angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor lisinopril, the calcium channel blocker nifedipine, and the beta adrenergic blocker atenolol, the only non-photosensitizer studied. We analyzed use of each drug both exclusively and regardless of use of others, and focused on duration of use. Analysis employed conditional logistic regression for matched case-control sets with control for cigarette smoking. Results At least a five-year supply yielded the following odds ratios, respectively, compared to no use: HCTZ: 4.22 (2.82–6.31); HCTZ/TR: 2.82 (1.74–4.55); lisinopril: 1.42(0.95–2.13); nifedipine 2.50 (1.29–4.84); atenolol: 1.93 (1.29–2.91). When the other drugs were excluded the odds ratios for atenolol were reduced to 0.54 (0.07–4.08). Conclusions These data support an increased risk of lip cancer in non-Hispanic whites treated for hypertension with long term use of photosensitizing drugs.

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Cancers of the Oral Cavity and Pharynx

Cited by 98 publications

References 279 publications

Occupation and cancer – follow-up of 15 million people in five Nordic countries

Occupation and cancer – follow-up of 15 million people in five Nordic countries

Smoking and drinking in relation to oral cancer and oral epithelial dysplasia

Antihypertensive Drugs and Lip Cancer in Non-Hispanic Whites

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