Cancers in Australia in 2010 attributable to modifiable factors: introduction and overview

Whiteman, David C.; Webb, Penelope M.; Green, A.C.; Neale, Rachel E.; Fritschi, Lin; Bain, Christopher; Parkin, Donald Maxwell; Wilson, Louise F.; Olsen, Catherine M.; Nagle, Christina M.; Pandeya, Nirmala; Jordan, Susan J.; Antonsson, Annika; Kendall, Bradley J.; Hughes, Maria Celia; Ibiebele, Torukiri I; Miura, Kyoko; Peters, Susan; Carey, Renee

doi:10.1111/1753-6405.12468

Cited by 39 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…For all other infectious agents considered here (HBV, HCV, HIV, H. pylori ), we used the standard formula to estimate the PAF and number of cancers attributable to infection with these agents, 7 as:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancers in Australia in 2010 attributable to infectious agents

Antonsson

Wilson

Kendall

et al. 2015

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

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ObjectivesTo estimate the proportion and numbers of cancers in Australia in 2010 attributable to infectious agents.MethodsThe population attributable fraction (PAF) and number of cancers caused by hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV, HCV), Helicobacter pylori and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were calculated using standard formulae incorporating prevalence of infection in the Australian population, the relative risks associated with that infection and cancer incidence. For cancers with very strong associations to the infectious agent (Epstein-Barr virus [EBV], human papillomavirus [HPV] and HIV/Kaposi's sarcoma herpes virus [KSHV]), calculations were based on viral prevalence in the tumour.ResultsAn estimated 3,421 cancers (2.9% of all cancers) in Australia in 2010 were attributable to infections. Infectious agents causing the largest numbers of cancers were HPV (n=1,706), H. pylori (n=793) and HBV/HCV (n=518). Cancer sites with the greatest number of cancers caused by infections were cervix (n=818), stomach (n=694) and liver (n=483). Cancers with highest proportions attributable to infectious agents were Kaposi's sarcoma (100%), cervix (100%), nasopharynx (87%), anus (84%) and vagina (70%).ConclusionsInfectious agents cause more than 3,000 cancers annually in Australia.ImplicationsOpportunities for cancer prevention through infection control are considerable, even in a ‘first world’ nation like Australia.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancers in Australia in 2010 attributable to infectious agents

Antonsson

Wilson

Kendall

et al. 2015

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

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“…However, even the lower population attributable fraction of 63% would not have changed the classification of melanoma in this study as a category 1 “preventable” cancer. Differences also occurred in population attributable fractions for ovarian cancer and leukemia, but these were of a smaller magnitude, and again would not have changed the classification of the cancers in this study (4, 5). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…The subsequent publication of a study estimating Australian population attributable fractions supports some, but not all, of the UK study’s findings. Most notably, the Australian study estimated that only 63% of Melanomas were due to exposure to UV radiation, as opposed to 86% of melanomas in the UK (4, 5). However, even the lower population attributable fraction of 63% would not have changed the classification of melanoma in this study as a category 1 “preventable” cancer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most recent national report estimates that total health system expenditure on cancer (excluding population screening programs) was $4.5 billion in 2009 (3). Recent studies have estimated that 30–40% of cancers could be prevented (4, 5), which, if achieved, would save much of the pain, anguish, and cost associated with treating cancer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Precision in Setting Cancer Prevention Priorities: Synthesis of Data, Literature, and Expert Opinion

Girschik

Miller

Addiscott³

et al. 2017

Front. Public Health

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Cancer will continue to be a leading cause of ill health and death unless we can capitalize on the potential for 30–40% of these cancers to be prevented. In this light, cancer prevention represents an enormous opportunity for public health, potentially saving much of the pain, anguish, and cost associated with treating cancer. However, there is a challenge for governments, and the wider community, in prioritizing cancer prevention activities, especially given increasing financial constraints. This paper describes a method for identifying cancer prevention priorities. This method synthesizes detailed cancer statistics, expert opinion, and the published literature for the priority setting process. The process contains four steps: assessing the impact of cancer types; identifying cancers with the greatest impact; considering opportunities for prevention; and combining information on impact and preventability. The strength of our approach is that it is straightforward, transparent and reproducible for other settings. Applying this method in Western Australia produced a priority list of seven adult cancers which were identified as having not only the biggest impact on the community but also the best opportunities for prevention. Work conducted in an additional project phase went on to present data on these priority cancers to a public consultation and develop an agenda for action in cancer prevention.

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“…Most PC patients are diagnosed at more than 50‐years‐old and the peak incidence of PC is in the 70–80 age group. Smoking is the most preventable and well‐studied risk factor of PC . Obesity, low physical activity, and diabetes are also linked to the development of PC .…”

Section: Pancreatic Cancer (Pc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytically validated protein biomarkers of chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer for potential clinical diagnosis with mass spectrometry

Chang

Chen

2020

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Rationale Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a pancreatic disease with poor prognosis and pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most lethal types of cancer that is symptomless in the early stage. Because the clinical and image findings of CP can overlap that of pancreatic cancer (PC) which leads to confusion in the diagnosis and treatment of PC, discovery/verification/validation of more accurate protein biomarkers to diagnose CP and PC is in urgent need. Methods The PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched using the keywords: ‘biomarker’, ‘marker’, ‘chronic pancreatitis’, “pancreatic cancer” or “proteomics” for highly related researches. We focused on the articles published after the year 2005 in this review. Results We introduce the background to CP and PC and summarize the diagnosis of CP and PC, analytically validated protein biomarkers, and proteomic approaches for discovery/verification/validation. The potential use of mass spectrometry (MS) in clinical diagnosis is also discussed. Conclusions Continuously improving sensitivity of MS can provide deeper proteome for new marker discovery and high reliability for protein marker verification, validation, and clinical diagnosis. The analytically validated protein markers could be considered as targeted protein biomarkers for developing a MS platform in the clinical validation process or clinical diagnosis of CP and PC.

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Cancers in Australia in 2010 attributable to modifiable factors: introduction and overview

Cited by 39 publications

References 32 publications

Cancers in Australia in 2010 attributable to infectious agents

Cancers in Australia in 2010 attributable to infectious agents

Precision in Setting Cancer Prevention Priorities: Synthesis of Data, Literature, and Expert Opinion

Analytically validated protein biomarkers of chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer for potential clinical diagnosis with mass spectrometry

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