Cancers attributable to infectious agents in Italy

Collatuzzo, Giulia; Vecchia, Carlo La; Parazzini, Fabio; Alicandro, Gianfranco; Turati, Federica; Maso, Matteo Di; Malvezzi, Matteo; Pelucchi, Claudio; Negri, Eva; Boffetta, Paolo

doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2023.01.010

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 84 publications

(61 reference statements)

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“…Exposure to occupational agents as a cause of a large proportion of respiratory cancers is widely recognized [ 1 , 40 , 41 ]. These figures are markedly smaller than those related to other risk factors, such as tobacco smoking [ 42 ] and infections [ 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Attributable Fraction of Cancer Related to Occupational Exposure in Italy

Collatuzzo

Turati

Malvezzi

et al. 2023

Cancers

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Background: Exposure to occupational carcinogens is an important and avoidable cause of cancer. We aimed to provide an evidence-based estimate of the burden of occupation-related cancers in Italy. Methods: The attributable fraction (AF) was calculated based on the counterfactual scenario of no occupational exposure to carcinogens. We included exposures classified as IARC group 1 and with reliable evidence of exposure in Italy. Relative risk estimates for selected cancers and prevalences of exposure were derived from large-scale studies. Except for mesothelioma, a 15–20-year latency period between exposure and cancer was considered. The data on cancer incidence in 2020 and mortality in 2017 in Italy were obtained from the Italian Association of Cancer Registries. Results: The most prevalent exposures were UV radiation (5.8%), diesel exhaust (4.3%), wood dust (2.3%) and silica dust (2.1%). Mesothelioma had the largest AF to occupational carcinogens (86.6%), followed by sinonasal cancer (11.8%) and lung cancer (3.8%). We estimated that 0.9% of cancer cases (N~3500) and 1.6% of cancer deaths (N~2800) were attributable to occupational carcinogens in Italy. Of these, about 60% were attributable to asbestos, 17.5% to diesel exhaust, followed by chromium and silica dust (7% and 5%). Conclusions: Our estimates provide up-to-date quantification of the low, but persistent, burden of occupational cancers in Italy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Attributable Fraction of Cancer Related to Occupational Exposure in Italy

Collatuzzo

Turati

Malvezzi

et al. 2023

Cancers

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“…In the absence of treatment with effective suppression of viral replication to undetectable levels and restoration of effective innate and adaptive immune responses, the disease ultimately leads to the development of cirrhosis and a significant risk of HCC. Aging, alcohol misuse, HIV-1 coinfection, malnutrition, or metabolic diseases significantly increase the risk of liver cirrhosis and HCC development [ 24 , 25 ]. Uncontrolled HBV replication in people living with HIV (PLWH) contributes to a higher risk of fibrosis development and mortality [ 26 , 27 , 28 ].…”

Section: Chronic Hepatitis B (Chb) Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Hepatitis B Infection: New Approaches towards Cure

Ogunnaike,

Das,

Raut

et al. 2023

Biomolecules

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Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection leads to the development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Lifelong treatment with nucleotides/nucleoside antiviral agents is effective at suppressing HBV replication, however, adherence to daily therapy can be challenging. This review discusses recent advances in the development of long-acting formulations for HBV treatment and prevention, which could potentially improve adherence. Promising new compounds that target distinct steps of the virus life cycle are summarized. In addition to treatments that suppress viral replication, curative strategies are focused on the elimination of covalently closed circular DNA and the inactivation of the integrated viral DNA from infected hepatocytes. We highlight promising long-acting antivirals and genome editing strategies for the elimination or deactivation of persistent viral DNA products in development.

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