Cancer treatment and survivorship statistics, 2016

Abstract

The number of cancer survivors continues to increase because of both advances in early detection and treatment and the aging and growth of the population. For the public health community to better serve these survivors, the American Cancer Society and the National Cancer Institute collaborate to estimate the number of current and future cancer survivors using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer registries. In addition, current treatment patterns for the most prevalent cancer types are presented based on information in the National Cancer Data Base and treatment-related side effects are briefly described. More than 15.5 million Americans with a history of cancer were alive on January 1, 2016, and this number is projected to reach more than 20 million by January 1, 2026. The 3 most prevalent cancers are prostate (3,306,760), colon and rectum (724,690), and melanoma (614,460) among males and breast (3,560,570), uterine corpus (757,190), and colon and rectum (727,350) among females. More than one-half (56%) of survivors were diagnosed within the past 10 years, and almost one-half (47%) are aged 70 years or older. People with a history of cancer have unique medical and psychosocial needs that require proactive assessment and management by primary care providers. Although there are a growing number of tools that can assist patients, caregivers, and clinicians in navigating the various phases of cancer survivorship, further evidence-based resources are needed to optimize care. CA Cancer J Clin 2016;66:271-289. © 2016 American Cancer Society.

Activation of Notch pathway is linked with epithelial-mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer cells

“…2 Currently, several treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. 3 In addition, hormonal ablation therapy is also often used for prostate cancer patients. Androgen deprivation is initially useful to shrink the tumor volume.…”

“…Androgen deprivation is initially useful to shrink the tumor volume. 3 However, many patients exhibit resistance to androgen deprivation therapy, resulting in mCRPC (metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer). 4 The patients with mCRPC have poor survival, suggesting that understanding the mechanism of prostate cancer development and progression is pivotal for discovery of new therapies of prostate cancer.…”

Targeted PET imaging strategy to differentiate malignant from inflamed lymph nodes in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

“…D iffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common adult lymphoma, accounting for 37% of all cases of nonHodgkin lymphoma in the United States (1). The current standard-of-care treatment is R-CHOP, consisting of a targeted antibody against CD20 (rituximab) and four chemotherapeutic drugs: cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin hydrochloride, vincristine sulfate, and prednisone.…”

Adolescent survivor of childhood Acute Myeloid Leukaemia undertakes pregnancy with a severe anthracycline induced cardiomyopathy and risk taking behaviours

“…[1] Contributing to these advancements has been the widespread use of chemotherapeutic agents belonging to the drug class anthracyclines found in more than 50% of paediatric chemotherapy protocols. [2] However, improvements in survival rates have not been without considerable adverse drug reactions.…”

“…[8] Of the children exposed to cardiotoxic chemotherapy treatment between 1962 and 2001, 57% demonstrated cardiac abnormalities. [1] Risk factors for the development of cardiotoxicity include female gender, younger age at exposure, cumulative dose greater than 300 mg/m 2 and concomitant mediastinal radiotherapy. [4] Since childhood cancer patients are surviving longer and the risk of developing CCF after anthracycline exposure increases with age long-term follow-up is required to monitor for late effects.…”