Cancer stem cells, stemness markers and selected drug targeting: metastatic colorectal cancer and cyclooxygenase-2/prostaglandin E2 connection to WNT as a model system

ALHulais, Reem Ali; Ralph, Stephen J.

doi:10.20517/2394-4722.2018.71

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 202 publications

(264 reference statements)

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“…Taking cancer stem cell-based model into consideration, normal stem cells act as proto-tumorigenic cells which consist of important features related to the cells which exhibit malignancy as well as indigenous start-up of important pathways essential for survival and the potential of horizonless proliferation (Fig. 3) [73]. All types of stem cells such as; pluripotent stem [76].…”

Section: Role Of Several Important Factors In the Development Of Gianmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of cancer stem cells in the development of giant cell tumor of bone

et al. 2020

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The primary bone tumor is usually observed in adolescence age group which has been shown to be part of nearly 20% of the sarcomas known today. Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) can be benign as well as malignant tumor which exhibits localized dynamism and is usually associated with the end point of a long bone. Giant cell tumor (GCT) involves mononuclear stromal cells which proliferate at a high rate, multinucleated giant cells and stromal cells are equally present in this type of tumor. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been confirmed to play a potential role in the development of GCT. Cancer stem cell-based microRNAs have been shown to contribute to a greater extent in giant cell tumor of bone. CSCs and microRNAs present in the tumors specifically are a great concern today which need indepth knowledge as well as advanced techniques to treat the bone cancer effectively. In this review, we attempted to summarize the role played by cancer stem cells involving certain important molecules/factors such as; Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), miRNAs and signaling mechanism such as; mTOR/PI3K-AKT, towards the formation of giant cell tumor of bone, in order to get an insight regarding various effective strategies and research advancements to obtain adequate knowledge related to CSCs which may help to focus on highly effective treatment procedures for bone tumors.

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Section: Role Of Several Important Factors In the Development Of Gianmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of cancer stem cells in the development of giant cell tumor of bone

et al. 2020

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“…[ 4 ] According to the Dandelion hypothesis for CSCs, one must devastate the root (CSCs) to kill a tree (tumors), or else it will resurge. [ 5 ] However, emerging evidence also revealed that non‐CSCs can transform to CSCs fueled by some intrinsic and extrinsic factors and the dynamic interconversion throughout tumorigenesis obviously contributes to the tumor heterogeneity and failure of treatments. [ 6 ] In recent years, it thus reaches a consensus that inhibiting the growths of CSCs together with destroying differentiated tumor cells are both necessary for cancer therapy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor‐Activated Prodrug with Synergistic Anti‐Stemness Chemical and Photodynamic Therapies

Xiong,

Wang,

Kim

et al. 2023

Adv Funct Materials

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Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has received extensive attention as a promising cancer treatment approach. Still, challenges to in vivo photodynamic therapy have existed for decades. First, the “always on” nature of conventional photosensitizers will cause damage to normal tissues thereby limiting the treatment efficiency of PDT. Second, the hypoxic TME protects cancer stem cells (CSCs) deeply harbored in the center of tumors from PDT administration, thus contributing to the recrudescence and metastasis of tumors. Herein, a ROS‐triggered self‐immolative therapeutic prodrug (Mu‐PS) is reported, comprising of an activatable photosensitizer, an indomethacin (IMC) part, and a ROS‐responsive trigger, for the anti‐stemness chemical and photodynamic therapy of tumors. Intriguingly, Mu‐PS can target the tumor and selectively release the photosensitizer and IMC upon the activation of TME‐related ROS, generating massive phototoxic 1O2 to kill most non‐CSCs tumor cells under the action of PDT and block the growth of CSCs by IMC, hence, it multiplies the therapeutic index. Noteworthy, the anti‐stemness mechanism of IMC in tumors is confirmed and elucidated for the first time. Overall, this study introduces a self‐immolatative prodrug for combined CSCs‐involved chemical therapy and activatable PDT for tumors and provides a design paradigm of prodrug for the precise prognosis and treatment of tumors.

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“…The hypothesis has been backed up by the identification of CSCs in a growing and diverse group of tumors. This has motivated the search for new therapeutic paradigms based on the idea that the incapacitation of the CSCs, with the simultaneous use of conventional therapies to reduce the DCC load, is the most effective procedure to control tumor growth [5,13,3,14,15]. One possible therapeutic course to eliminate the CSC component is to induce CSC differentiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%