Cancer stem cell markers in oral squamous cell carcinoma – Revisited

Abstract

CSC Biomarkers in Head-and-Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma CD44 CD44 is a cell-surface glycoprotein; it is involved in cellcell interactions such as cell adhesion and migration. CD44

Sonic Hedgehog is a novel prognostic biomarker in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma

“…Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) theory provides a new direction regarding the recurrence mechanism in tumor [4]. CSCs detected in OSCC might determine biological, aggressive growth of OSCCs by self-renewal of CSCs existed in tumor tissue [4,8]. Self-renewal of CSCs can be maintained by several endogenous signaling pathways, such as Hedgehog, Notch, Wnt, B-cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 (Bmi1), Pten, Bmp, and TGF-Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathway (SHH), one of components belonging to Hedgehog pathway (HH), originally plays a fundamental role in proliferation, differentiation and migration of certain stem cells during embryogenesis [9,10].…”

“…Recent studies reported that SHH overexpression is closely related with tumorigenesis, metastasis, angiogenesis and cancer relapse [5,8,9,13]. However, the role of SHH in OSCC remains still unclear.…”