Cancer Stem Cell Challenges in Melanoma Characterization and Treatment

Tuccitto, Alessandra; Castelli, Chiara; Alison, Malcolm R.; Perego, Michela

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-16624-3_5

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…Such types of cancers can trace by great metastatic potential, enriched heterogeneity, and resistance to chemotherapy [ 208 ]. The availability of little groups of tumor cells known as melanoma initiating cells (MICs) is the critical aspect that is linked with failure treatment [ 209 , 210 , 211 , 212 ]. The ECS comprises endocannabinoid and their G-protein coupled receptors and enzymes responsible for their metabolism.…”

Section: Autoimmune Disorders and Cannabinoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Attributes of Endocannabinoid System against Neuro-Inflammatory Autoimmune Disorders

et al. 2021

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In humans, various sites like cannabinoid receptors (CBR) having a binding affinity with cannabinoids are distributed on the surface of different cell types, where endocannabinoids (ECs) and derivatives of fatty acid can bind. The binding of these substance(s) triggers the activation of specific receptors required for various physiological functions, including pain sensation, memory, and appetite. The ECs and CBR perform multiple functions via the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1); cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2), having a key effect in restraining neurotransmitters and the arrangement of cytokines. The role of cannabinoids in the immune system is illustrated because of their immunosuppressive characteristics. These characteristics include inhibition of leucocyte proliferation, T cells apoptosis, and induction of macrophages along with reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion. The review seeks to discuss the functional relationship between the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and anti-tumor characteristics of cannabinoids in various cancers. The therapeutic potential of cannabinoids for cancer—both in vivo and in vitro clinical trials—has also been highlighted and reported to be effective in mice models in arthritis for the inflammation reduction, neuropathic pain, positive effect in multiple sclerosis and type-1 diabetes mellitus, and found beneficial for treating in various cancers. In human models, such studies are limited; thereby, further research is indispensable in this field to get a conclusive outcome. Therefore, in autoimmune disorders, therapeutic cannabinoids can serve as promising immunosuppressive and anti-fibrotic agents.

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