Cancer statistics, 2012

Abstract

Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the numbers of new cancer cases and deaths expected in the United States in the current year and compiles the most recent data on cancer incidence, mortality, and survival based on incidence data from the National Cancer Institute, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries and mortality data from the National Center for Health Statistics. A total of 1,638,910 new cancer cases and 577,190 deaths from cancer are projected to occur in the United States in 2012. During the most recent 5 years for which there are data (2004-2008), overall cancer incidence rates declined slightly in men (by 0.6% per year) and were stable in women, while cancer death rates decreased by 1.8% per year in men and by 1.6% per year in women. Over the past 10 years of available data (1999-2008), cancer death rates have declined by more than 1% per year in men and women of every racial/ethnic group with the exception of American Indians/Alaska Natives, among whom rates have remained stable. The most rapid declines in death rates occurred among African American and Hispanic men (2.4% and 2.3% per year, respectively). Death rates continue to decline for all 4 major cancer sites (lung, colorectum, breast, and prostate), with lung cancer accounting for almost 40% of the total decline in men and breast cancer accounting for 34% of the total decline in women. The reduction in overall cancer death rates since 1990 in men and 1991 in women translates to the avoidance of about 1,024,400 deaths from cancer. Further progress can be accelerated by applying existing cancer control knowledge across all segments of the population, with an emphasis on those groups in the lowest socioeconomic bracket.

Higher preoperative serum levels of PD‐L1 and B7‐H4 are associated with invasive and metastatic potential and predictable for poor response to VEGF‐targeted therapy and unfavorable prognosis of renal cell carcinoma

“…The incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is steadily increasing and it now accounts for 2–3% of all adult malignancies 1. About 40% of RCC patients die of metastatic disease, because metastases are often present at diagnosis and relapse following nephrectomy is common 2.…”

RRM1 *151A>T, RRM1 ‐756T>C, and RRM1 ‐585T>Gis associated with increased susceptibility of lung cancer in Chinese patients

“…Lung cancer is the most frequent solid tumor and the leading cause of cancer‐related deaths in both developing and developed countries, which is a major public health problem worldwide 1, 2. Early stage (I/II) non–small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small‐cell lung cancer (SCLC) are considered to have a better 5‐year survival rates (45% and 31%, respectively) than that at advanced stage (III/IV) 3.…”

A scoping review of the nurse practitioner workforce in oncology

“…As a large proportion of the United States grows older, cancer incidence and prevalence rates are expected to rapidly increase 1. Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States 2, and disproportionately affects adults aged 65 years and older 3. Although there are modifiable risk factors that contribute to developing cancer, (e.g., smoking, viral exposure, and physical activity) 4, one of the greatest risk factors is aging.…”