Cancer Statistics, 1989

Silverberg, Edwin; Lubera, John A.

doi:10.3322/canjclin.39.1.3

Cited by 201 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Almost all bladder cancers originate in the bladder epithelium (urothelium). At the time of diagnosis, bladder carcinoma is often non-invasive (superficial bladder cancers) and the tumors are confined to the mucosa or submucosa: and only 20 percent of bladder cancer cases have signs of local invasion and 3 percent have distant spread) [11]. However, the disease is able to progress as has been documented by histological follow up of non-invasive bladder cancer patients [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lkb1 and Pten Synergise to Suppress mTOR-Mediated Tumorigenesis and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in the Mouse Bladder

2011

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The AKT/PI3K/mTOR pathway is frequently altered in a range of human tumours, including bladder cancer. Here we report the phenotype of mice characterised by deletion of two key players in mTOR regulation, Pten and Lkb1, in a range of tissues including the mouse urothelium. Despite widespread recombination within the range of epithelial tissues, the primary phenotype we observe is the rapid onset of bladder tumorigenesis, with median onset of approximately 100 days. Single deletion of either Pten or Lkb1 had no effect on bladder cell proliferation or tumour formation. However, simultaneous deletion of Lkb1 and Pten led to an upregulation of the mTOR pathway and the hypoxia marker GLUT1, increased bladder epithelial cell proliferation and ultimately tumorigenesis. Bladder tissue also exhibited characteristic features of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, with loss of the epithelial markers E-cadherin and the tight junction protein ZO-1, and increases in the mesenchymal marker vimentin as well as nuclear localization of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) regulator Snail. We show that these effects were all dependent upon mTOR activity, as rapamycin treatment blocked both EMT and tumorigenesis. Our data therefore establish clear synergy between Lkb1 and Pten in controlling the mTOR pathway within bladder epithelium, and show that loss of this control leads to the disturbance of epithelial structure, EMT and ultimately tumorigenesis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lkb1 and Pten Synergise to Suppress mTOR-Mediated Tumorigenesis and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in the Mouse Bladder

2011

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“…As a common malignant tumor, cancer is a common fatal disease worldwide because of its complex pathogenic factors, high treatment difficulty, and high risk of recurrence and metastasis. In China, deaths from cancer are always high, and it is a severe threat to the lives and health of Chinese people ( Silverberg and Lubera, 1998 ; Chen et al, 2020 ). How to prevent and treat cancer effectively has become a topic of widespread concern the world over.…”

Section: Application Of Sparse Representation In Bioinformaticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Sparse Representation in Bioinformatics

Han

Wang²,

Guo

et al. 2021

Front. Genet.

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Inspired by L1-norm minimization methods, such as basis pursuit, compressed sensing, and Lasso feature selection, in recent years, sparse representation shows up as a novel and potent data processing method and displays powerful superiority. Researchers have not only extended the sparse representation of a signal to image presentation, but also applied the sparsity of vectors to that of matrices. Moreover, sparse representation has been applied to pattern recognition with good results. Because of its multiple advantages, such as insensitivity to noise, strong robustness, less sensitivity to selected features, and no “overfitting” phenomenon, the application of sparse representation in bioinformatics should be studied further. This article reviews the development of sparse representation, and explains its applications in bioinformatics, namely the use of low-rank representation matrices to identify and study cancer molecules, low-rank sparse representations to analyze and process gene expression profiles, and an introduction to related cancers and gene expression profile database.

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