Cancer risk in Norwegian world class athletes

Robsahm, Trude Eid; Hestvik, Unn E.; Veierød, Marit B.; Fagerlie, Arne; Nystad, Wenche; Engebretsen, Lars; Tretli, Steinar

doi:10.1007/s10552-010-9600-z

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The total number of deaths secondary to malignancy was significantly lower among the athletes compared with the general population. This finding is in line with previous studies of athletes (Sarna et al., ; Robsahm et al., ). The lower malignancy rate among athletes might refer to a healthier lifestyle including lower smoking habits, as indicated by the lower pulmonary cancer mortality rate among the athletes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Increased mortality rate and suicide in Swedish former elite male athletes in power sports

Lindqvist

Moberg

Ehrnborg

et al. 2013

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Physical training has been shown to reduce mortality in normal subjects, and athletes have a healthier lifestyle after their active career as compared with normal subjects. Since the 1950s, the use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) has been frequent, especially in power sports. The aim of the present study was to investigate mortality, including causes of death, in former Swedish male elite athletes, active 1960-1979, in wrestling, powerlifting, Olympic lifting, and the throwing events in track and field when the suspicion of former AAS use was high. Results indicate that, during the age period of 20-50 years, there was an excess mortality of around 45%. However, when analyzing the total study period, the mortality was not increased. Mortality from suicide was increased 2-4 times among the former athletes during the period of 30-50 years of age compared with the general population of men. Mortality rate from malignancy was lower among the athletes. As the use of AAS was marked between 1960 and 1979 and was not doping-listed until 1975, it seems probable that the effect of AAS use might play a part in the observed increased mortality and suicide rate. The otherwise healthy lifestyle among the athletes might explain the low malignancy rates.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Increased mortality rate and suicide in Swedish former elite male athletes in power sports

Lindqvist

Moberg

Ehrnborg

et al. 2013

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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“…Fifteen citations were excluded after full-text screening and two additional articles were found by a manual search. Of the 25 studies (18-42) on physical activity and hematologic cancers, two studies (41,42) were removed because they did not provide a risk estimate for a hematologic cancer subtype. The remaining 23 studies were included in the meta-analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Activity in Relation to Risk of Hematologic Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Jochem

Leitzmann

Keimling

et al. 2014

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Background: Despite the existence of numerous biologic pathways potentially linking increased physical activity to decreased risk of hematologic cancers, the associations between physical activity and subtypespecific hematologic cancers have not been comprehensively quantified.Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of physical activity in relation to subtypespecific hematologic cancers. We summarized the data from 23 eligible studies (15 cohort and eight casecontrol studies) and estimated summary relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using randomeffects models.Results: When comparing high versus low physical activity levels, the RR for non-Hodgkin lymphoma was 0.91 (95% CI, 0.82-1.00), for Hodgkin lymphoma it was 0.86 (95% CI, 0.58-1.26), for leukemia it was 0.97 (95% CI, 0.84-1.13), and for multiple myeloma it was 0.86 (95% CI, 0.68-1.09). When focusing on subtypes of nonHodgkin lymphoma, the RR for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was 0.95 (95% CI, 0.80-1.14) and for follicular lymphoma it was 1.01 (95% CI, 0.83-1.22). In an exploratory analysis combining all hematologic cancers, high versus low physical activity levels yielded a statistically significant RR of 0.93 (95% CI, 0.88-0.99).Conclusions: Physical activity showed statistically nonsignificant associations with risks of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and leukemia. These findings may not represent a true lack of associations given the variation in high versus low physical activity definitions, the quality of physical activity assessments, and the variability in hematologic cancer classification schemes in individual studies.Impact: Physical activity is unrelated to risks of subtype-specific hematologic cancers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(5); 833-46. Ó2014 AACR.

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“…vigorous-intensity physical activity can decrease the risk of breast cancer, and physically active individuals have a lower risk of lung cancer (Lee, 2003). The overall cancer incidence was lower in athletes than in the general population (Robsahm et al, 2010;Sormunen et al, 2014). And former college athletes had a significantly lower risk of breast cancer than do the nonathletes (Wyshak and Frisch, 2000).…”

Section: Long-term Exercise May Reduce the Risk Of Cancers By Regulatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Exercise Alters the Profiles of Circulating Micro-RNAs in the Plasma of Young Women

Fan

Bai

et al. 2020

Front. Physiol.

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The objective of this paper was to study the effects of long-term exercise on circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in human plasma. Methods: Whole blood was collected from 10 female elite athletes with at least 5 years of training experience in a Synchronized Swimming Group (S group) and 15 female college students without regular exercise training (C group). Plasma miRNAs were then isolated, sequenced, and semi-quantified by the second-generation sequencing technology, and the results were analyzed by bioinformatics methods. Results: We found 380 differentially expressed miRNAs in the S group compared with the C group, among which 238 miRNAs were upregulated and 142 were downregulated. The top five abundant miRNAs in the 380 miRNAs of the S group are hsa-miR-451a, hsa-miR-486, hsa-miR-21-5p, hsa-miR-423-5p, and hsa-let-7b-5p. Muscle-specific/enriched miRNAs were not significantly different, except for miR-206 and miR-486. According to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, a large proportion of the differentially expressed miRNAs are targeted in cancer-related pathways, including proteoglycans in cancer and miRNAs in cancer and basal cell carcinoma. As the levels of circulating miRNAs (ci-miRNAs) are commonly known to be significantly deregulated in cancer patients, we further compared the levels of some well-studied miRNAs in different types of cancer patients with those in the S group and found that long-term exercise regulates the level of ci-miRNAs in an opposite direction to those in cancer patients. Conclusion: Long-term exercise significantly alters the profiles of plasma miRNAs in healthy young women. It may reduce the risk of certain types of cancers by regulating plasma miRNA levels.

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Cancer risk in Norwegian world class athletes

Cited by 22 publications

References 37 publications

Increased mortality rate and suicide in Swedish former elite male athletes in power sports

Increased mortality rate and suicide in Swedish former elite male athletes in power sports

Physical Activity in Relation to Risk of Hematologic Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Long-Term Exercise Alters the Profiles of Circulating Micro-RNAs in the Plasma of Young Women

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