Cancer prevention by natural carotenoids

Nishino, Hoyoku; Tokuda, Harukuni; Murakoshi, Michiaki; Satomi, Yoshiko; Masuda, Michiaki; Onozuka, Mari; Yamaguchi, S.; Takayasu, Junko; J, Tsuruta; Okuda, Masumi; Khachik, Frederick; Narisawa, Tomio; Takasuka, Nobuo; Yano, Masamichi

doi:10.1002/biof.5520130115

Cited by 130 publications

(65 citation statements)

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“…In addition, models using calibrated dietary values were used to minimise measurement error. Our observations could be due to mixed effects of vitamins or other bioactive compounds such as a-carotene or lycopene, which may be more important for cancer prevention [34,44,45], but intake data in EPIC were not available so far. In this analysis, we conducted multiple comparisons, and some significant associations could have emerged by chance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Dietary β-carotene, vitamin C and E intake and breast cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)

Nagel

Linseisen

Gils

et al. 2009

Breast Cancer Res Treat

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So far, studies on dietary antioxidant intake, including beta-carotene, vitamin C and vitamin E, and breast cancer risk are inconclusive. Thus, we addressed this question in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. During a median follow-up time of 8.8 years, 7,502 primary invasive breast cancer cases were identified. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). All analyses were run stratified by menopausal status at recruitment and, additionally, by smoking status, alcohol intake, use of exogenous hormones and use of dietary supplements. In the multivariate analyses, dietary intake of beta-carotene, vitamin C and E was not associated with breast cancer risk in premenopausal [highest vs. lowest quintile: HR, 1.04 (95% CI, 0.85-1.27), 1.12 (0.92-1.36) and 1.11 (0.84-1.46), respectively] and postmenopausal women [0.93 (0.82-1.04), 0.98 (0.87-1.11) and 0.92 (0.77-1.11), respectively]. However, in postmenopausal women using exogenous hormones, high intake of beta-carotene [highest vs. lowest quintile; HR 0.79 (95% CI, 0.66-0.96), P (trend) 0.06] and vitamin C [0.88 (0.72-1.07), P (trend) 0.05] was associated with reduced breast cancer risk. In addition, dietary beta-carotene was associated with a decreased risk in postmenopausal women with high alcohol intake. Overall, dietary intake of beta-carotene, vitamin C and E was not related to breast cancer risk in neither pre- nor postmenopausal women. However, in subgroups of postmenopausal women, a weak protective effect between beta-carotene and vitamin E from food and breast cancer risk cannot be excluded.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Dietary β-carotene, vitamin C and E intake and breast cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)

Nagel

Linseisen

Gils

et al. 2009

Breast Cancer Res Treat

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“…No experimental lifetime bioassays or studies of carcinogenicity have been conducted with lutein. However, lutein has been reported to have chemopreventive effects in a number of tumor models in mice and rats [29] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Lutein on Oxidative Stress in the Term Newborn: A Pilot Study

et al. 2009

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Background: Oxidative stress (OS) plays a crucial role in pathological conditions during the early neonatal period. The newborns are susceptible to oxidative damage due to high metabolic rate and low levels of antioxidant enzymes. Lutein has been found to have protective functions in adult humans as antioxidant. Aim: To evaluate the effects of lutein on OS in newborns. We tested the hypothesis that lutein would act both by increasing antioxidant capacity and inhibiting OS. Methods: This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-center study. 20 healthy term newborns were assigned to receive lutein or placebo (lutein and control group, respectively) at 12 and 36 h after birth. Total hydroperoxides (TH), as marker of OS, and biological antioxidant potential (BAP), as marker of antioxidant power, were detected on cord blood and at 48 h of life in all babies. Results: TH significantly increased from birth to 48 h in the control group (p = 0.02), but not in the lutein group. In the lutein group, BAP significantly increased after 48 h (p = 0.02), showing a strengthening of antioxidant activity due to lutein. At 48 h of life, compared with those in the control group, neonates assigned to receive lutein had significantly lower TH levels (p = 0.04) and higher BAP levels (p = 0.028). Conclusions: Lutein administration in newborns increases the levels of BAP decreasing TH. The enhancement of antioxidant activity in plasma clearly results in protecting newborn from perinatal OS. These preliminary results, adding a new contribution in antioxidant strategies, strongly require to be confirmed by RCT.

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“…β-carotene is associated with reduction of cardiovascular disease risk (Osganian et al, 2003;Gale et al, 2001), while α-carotene is recognized as an anticarcinogenic agent (Nishino et al, 2000(Nishino et al, , 2002. Lycopene is the carotenoid with greater biological efficiency to scavenge singlet oxygen (Di Mascio et al, 1989) and may have protective effect against some types of cancer (Stahl & Sies, 1996;StacewiczSapuntzakis & Bowen, 2005;Giovannucci, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%