Cancer prevention as part of precision medicine: ‘plenty to be done’

Stewart, Bernard W.; Bray, Freddie; Forman, David; Ohgaki, Hideaki; Straif, Kurt; Ullrich, Andreas; Wild, Christopher P.

doi:10.1093/carcin/bgv166

Cited by 112 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…Therefore, phytochemicals that are derived from dietary foods and herbs become safe and reliable compounds for cancer chemoprevention. The development of novel cancer preventive or treatment agents from these low cost phytochemicals may also contribute to the goal of ensuring that all people have access to cancer care compared to expensive and low accessible targeted therapies and precision medicine [11]. Idea cancer chemopreventive agents should have pleiotropic health benefits with minimal toxicities in the surrounding normal tissue [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhodiola rosea L.: an Herb with Anti-Stress, Anti-Aging, and Immunostimulating Properties for Cancer Chemoprevention

Li¹,

Pham

Bui³

et al. 2017

Curr Pharmacol Rep

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Purpose of review Rhodiola rosea extracts have been used as a dietary supplement in healthy populations, including athletes, to non-specifically enhance the natural resistance of the body to both physical and behavior stresses for fighting fatigue and depression. We summarize the information with respect to the new pharmacological activities of Rhodiola rosea extracts and its underlying molecular mechanisms in this review article. Recent findings In addition to its multiplex stress-protective activity, Rhodiola rosea extracts have recently demonstrated its anti-aging, anti-inflammation, immunostimulating, DNA repair and anti-cancer effects in different model systems. Molecular mechanisms of Rhodiola rosea extracts’s action have been studied mainly along with one of its bioactive compounds, salidroside. Both Rhodiola rosea extracts and salidroside have contrast molecular mechanisms on cancer and normal physiological functions. For cancer, Rhodiola rosea extracts and salidroside inhibit the mTOR pathway and reduce angiogenesis through down-regulation of the expression of HIF-1α/HIF-2α. For normal physiological functions, Rhodiola rosea extracts and salidroside activate the mTOR pathway, stimulate paracrine function and promote neovascularization by inhibiting PHD3 and stabilizing HIF-1α proteins in skeletal muscles. In contrast to many natural compounds, salidroside is water-soluble and highly bioavailable via oral administration and concentrated in urine by kidney excretion. Summary Rhodiola rosea extracts and salidroside can impose cellular and systemic benefits similar to the effect of positive lifestyle interventions to normal physiological functions and for anti-cancer. The unique pharmacological properties of Rhodiola rosea extracts or salidroside deserve further investigation for cancer chemoprevention, in particular for human urinary bladder cancer.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhodiola rosea L.: an Herb with Anti-Stress, Anti-Aging, and Immunostimulating Properties for Cancer Chemoprevention

Li¹,

Pham

Bui³

et al. 2017

Curr Pharmacol Rep

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“…It has been projected that somewhere between 40 % to 50 % of cancers can be prevented if our current research on risk factors is implemented perfectly as public health measures [7]. Some of these methods include proper use of oncogenic virus vaccinations, tobacco exposure control, use of screening guidelines, and elimination of carcinogens from the immediate environment.…”

Section: Genomics In Clinical Cancer Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clearly, precision medicine—for example, as envisioned by US President Obama’s Precision Medicine Initiative (PMI) [8]—including cancer genomic information, will play a major role in cancer prevention. Mutation profiles may be used more regularly to help stratify patients in need of more rigorous screening protocols [7]. Another interesting area of work involving cancer prevention is the thorough analysis of tumor microenvironments (TMEs).…”

Section: Genomics In Clinical Cancer Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating cancer genomic data into electronic health records

2016

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The rise of genomically targeted therapies and immunotherapy has revolutionized the practice of oncology in the last 10–15 years. At the same time, new technologies and the electronic health record (EHR) in particular have permeated the oncology clinic. Initially designed as billing and clinical documentation systems, EHR systems have not anticipated the complexity and variety of genomic information that needs to be reviewed, interpreted, and acted upon on a daily basis. Improved integration of cancer genomic data with EHR systems will help guide clinician decision making, support secondary uses, and ultimately improve patient care within oncology clinics. Some of the key factors relating to the challenge of integrating cancer genomic data into EHRs include: the bioinformatics pipelines that translate raw genomic data into meaningful, actionable results; the role of human curation in the interpretation of variant calls; and the need for consistent standards with regard to genomic and clinical data. Several emerging paradigms for integration are discussed in this review, including: non-standardized efforts between individual institutions and genomic testing laboratories; “middleware” products that portray genomic information, albeit outside of the clinical workflow; and application programming interfaces that have the potential to work within clinical workflow. The critical need for clinical-genomic knowledge bases, which can be independent or integrated into the aforementioned solutions, is also discussed.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13073-016-0371-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Combinations of chemoprevention drugs should also be considered (3,20). We are moving toward an era of personalized prevention and interception where several opportunities for stratified risk assessment can lead to effective risk reduction at individual level (21).…”

Section: Translational Relevancementioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer Prevention and Interception: A New Era for Chemopreventive Approaches

Albini

DeCensi

Cavalli

et al. 2016

Clinical Cancer Research

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At several recent, internationally attended scientific meetings, including the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)'s "Shaping the Future of Cancer Prevention: A Roadmap for Integrative Cancer Science and Public Health" summit in Leesburg (VA) and the AACR Annual Meeting in New Orleans, the focus on cancer prevention to reduce cancer-related deaths was extensively discussed with renewed attention and emphasis. Cancer prevention should be actively proposed even to healthy individuals, and not just to individuals with high cancer risk. We discuss evaluation of a high cancer risk versus the relatively low risk for side effects of chemopreventive agents. The concept of cancer interception, which is halting transformed cells from becoming malignant cancers, should be adopted for cancer prevention. Potential prevention/interception actions include adopting healthy life style and avoiding carcinogens, repressing inflammation and pathologic angiogenesis, controlling metabolism, correcting insulin resistance and other metabolic alterations. Current drugs with limited toxicity can be repurposed to reduce cancer incidence. Aspirin is now being recommended for the prevention of colorectal cancer and it prevents other neoplasms as well. Metformin and b-blockers could be valuable for reducing pancreatic and breast cancer onset. On the basis of the evaluation of cancer risk, we here call for personalized approaches for cancer prevention and preventive interception and we envisage a list of measures and potential guidelines for preventive and interceptive strategies to reduce cancer burden. Investment into translational research to bring these approaches into public health policies and in the clinic is urgently needed.

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Cancer prevention as part of precision medicine: ‘plenty to be done’

Abstract: SummaryNo country can afford to treat its way out of the cancer problem. This review charts the increasing burden, summarizes the causes and describes opportunities for prevention and early detection, including precision prevention based on recent advances in cancer biology.

Cited by 112 publications

References 101 publications

Rhodiola rosea L.: an Herb with Anti-Stress, Anti-Aging, and Immunostimulating Properties for Cancer Chemoprevention

Rhodiola rosea L.: an Herb with Anti-Stress, Anti-Aging, and Immunostimulating Properties for Cancer Chemoprevention

Integrating cancer genomic data into electronic health records

Cancer Prevention and Interception: A New Era for Chemopreventive Approaches

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