Cancer Pain Assessment and Measurement

Fink, Regina; Gallagher, Emma

doi:10.1016/j.soncn.2019.04.003

Cited by 41 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The possible interpretation was patients with better ADL more easily triggered the pain due to more activity. For example, patients may experience incident pain each time they get up from a chair or perform another specific activity [ 14 ]. Thus, NCCN guideline is recommended to optimize activities of daily living [ 2 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, less pain manifestation of elderly does not mean the less pain-related suffering, but some complications made self-reporting of pain more difficult. One of the biggest challenges is that most older adults and health-care practitioners perceive that pain is a normal part of aging, which impede history taking and pain expression [ 14 ]. Communication may be another challenge for memory failure, impaired cognition, sensory impairment (visual, hearing, and circulation problems), and stoicism with aging that can impact both assessment and management of pain older adults [ 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…About 30.5% of BTP were still predictable [ 13 ]. The predictability of BTP, no matter in occurrence or its characteristics, offers the chance of early identification and advanced intervention before an onset [ 14 ]. Meanwhile, it avoids undermanagement or overtreatment with opioids [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retrospective Observational Study on the Characteristics of Pain and Associated Factors of Breakthrough Pain in Advanced Cancer Patients

Fan

Yang

et al. 2022

Pain Research and Management

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Objective. This study aimed to conduct a retrospective observational study to understand the status of characteristics of pain and identify potential variables influencing the clinical presentation of breakthrough cancer pain (BTP) in advanced cancer patients. Methods. Advanced cancer patients over 18 years of age; diagnosed with cancer of any type and stage III or IV in the palliative care ward with available data were enrolled between 2018 and 2020. Demographic data and pain-related information were collected by using structured electronic extraction form from Hospital Information System (HIS). Patients who had well-controlled background pain with an intensity ≤4 on a 0–10 numerical scale for >12 hours/day, the presence of transient exacerbations of pain with moderate-severe intensity (≧5), and clearly distinguish from background pain were regarded to have suffered BTP. Spearman correlation was conducted to explore the relationship between pain score and demographics characteristics. Factors significant in univariate analysis were included in the multiple regression model to explore independent predictive factors associated with the BTP. Results. Of 798 advanced cancer patients, the mean age was 56.7 (SD = 11.84) years. Lung cancer (29.95%) was the most common cancer, and pain (93%) was the most common symptom. More than half (n = 428, 53.6%) of the patients experienced BTP. The median number of BTP episodes was 4 (IQR = 2, 7, range: 1–42). The median intensity of BTP was 6 (IQR = 6, 7, range 5–10). Patients with severe background pain or BTP had longer hospital stay and more symptoms. Besides, more severe background pain was related to higher activity of daily living. Intramuscular injection of hydromorphone hydrochloride was the main medication for BTP onset. Younger age, background pain, anorexia, and constipation were independently associated with the presentation of BTP. BTP pain intensity was independently associated with bloating. Symptom numbers were an independent factor and positively associated with BTP episodes. Conclusions. BTP resulted in poor prognosis, which has a variable presentation depending on interdependent relationships among different characteristics. Good controlling of background pain and assessment of pain-related symptoms are essential for BTP management. BTP should be managed individually, especially the invisible pain among aged patients. Furthermore, BTP-related education and training were still needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retrospective Observational Study on the Characteristics of Pain and Associated Factors of Breakthrough Pain in Advanced Cancer Patients

Fan

Yang

et al. 2022

Pain Research and Management

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“…impact on their quality of life (82). Opioids are often used to relieve cancer-associated pain in patients and improve quality of life (83,84).…”

Section: Expression and Physiological Function Of Kormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pain is a common initial signal for a patient to seek medical attention and 30–50% of patients with cancer experience moderate to severe pain that has a notable negative impact on their quality of life ( 82 ). Opioids are often used to relieve cancer-associated pain in patients and improve quality of life ( 83 , 84 ).…”

Section: Expression and Physiological Function Of Kormentioning

confidence: 99%

Opioids in cancer: The κ‑opioid receptor (Review)

et al. 2021

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The κ-opioid receptor (KOR) is one of the primary receptors of opioids and serves a vital role in the regulation of pain, anesthesia, addiction and other pathological and physiological processes. KOR is associated with several types of cancer and may influence cancer progression. It has been proposed that KOR may represent a new tumor molecular marker and provide a novel basis for molecular targeted therapies for cancer. However, the association between KOR and cancer remains to be explored comprehensively. The present review introduces KOR and its association with different types of cancer. Improved understanding of KOR may facilitate development of novel antitumor therapies. Contents1. Introduction 2. Discovery, structure and typing of KOR 3. Expression and physiological function of KOR 4. Expression, function and significance of KOR in various types of cancer 5. Potential roles of KOR in cancer 6. Effects of opioids on tumors 7. Conclusion and future prospects

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Neuropathic pain prevalence and risk factors in head and neck cancer survivors

et al. 2022

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Background Neuropathic pain (NP) is a debilitating symptom among head and neck cancer (HNC) survivors although few large studies report its prevalence and associated risk factors. Methods A cross‐sectional survey assessing demographic, behavioral, and clinical risk factors for NP. NP was assessed using the Self‐administered Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs pain scale (S‐LANSS). Results Forty‐five percent (227/505) reported having pain including 13.7% (69/505) who were positive for S‐LANSS. Reported pain sites were in the regions of the head and oral cavity (46.2%) and neck and throat (41.5%). Despite a higher self‐reported use of analgesic medication (NP+ = 41.2%; NP− = 27.4%; p = 0.020) and alternative pain therapies (NP+ = 19.1%; NP− = 8.4%; p = 0.009), severe pain was more prevalent among those with NP (N+ = 23.2%; NP− = 13.3%; p = 0.004). Adjusted for opioid medications, ethnicity/race, age, surgery, depression, and comorbidities were risk factors for NP. Conclusion NP remains prevalent in HNC survivors highlighting the importance of routine pain surveillance.

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Cancer Pain Assessment and Measurement

Cited by 41 publications

References 40 publications

Retrospective Observational Study on the Characteristics of Pain and Associated Factors of Breakthrough Pain in Advanced Cancer Patients

Retrospective Observational Study on the Characteristics of Pain and Associated Factors of Breakthrough Pain in Advanced Cancer Patients

Opioids in cancer: The κ‑opioid receptor (Review)

Neuropathic pain prevalence and risk factors in head and neck cancer survivors

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