Cancer Of The Penis: Case Report

Abstract

Two patients with penile carcinoma are presented after management at a district hospital in Kenya. Both had undergone ritual circumcision as teenagers and presented late. HR was a 73 year old who presented with a fungating penile mass for which a partial penectomy was performed after wedge biopsy confirmed malignancy. He thereafter declined to have the surgical specimen sent for histology and took the amputated stump for burial in his compound to avoid bad omen. GK was 25 years old and presented with a fungating mass and underwent partial penectomy after a histological diagnosis was made. He absconded from follow-up after being informed of the need for further surgery due to tumour infiltration of the surgical margins. The history and clinical images are presented and we discuss the difficulties of cancer management at a rural district hospital.

Diversity of HPV types in cancerous and pre‐cancerous penile lesions of South African men: Implications for future HPV vaccination strategies

“…Of concern in the current study were number of HR HPV types detected as early as 10 years of age, indicting the need for stronger vaccine advocacy for boys before the onset of sexual debut. There are many factors that can contribute to the high prevalence of penile cancers in younger male population such as HIV infection (which was not evaluated in our study population), lack of circumcision, history of smoking, and history of phimosis [Auvert et al, ; Kiptoon et al, ].…”

“…A proportion of those with persistent infections develop dysplasia followed by penile cancer [Dunne et al, ]; which is one of the most common genital cancers associated with HPV infections in males. Other factors attributed to the development of penile cancer include phimosis, poor standards of penile hygiene, history of smoking, multiple sexual partners, lack of neonatal circumcision, and history of other sexually transmitted diseases [Kiptoon et al, ; Reis and da Cruz, ].…”

“…In almost similar population, Firnhaber et al [] reported HPV 6 in 42.5% and HPV 11 in 32.9% of HIV infected South African men with penile warts attending a clinic. The prevalence of HPV infections in penile cancers ranged from 15% to 80% [Kiptoon et al, ], with global prevalence estimated between 46.9% and 47.9% [Backes et al, ; Miralles‐Guri et al, ].…”

“…The management of genital warts or penile cancer in African men is difficult due to late presentation [Kiptoon et al, ; Reis and da Cruz, ]. Management includes removal of lesions by surgery or in severe cases of penile cancer, partial or total penectomy which could be dramatic and psychologically distressing for many patients [Micali et al, ].…”

Laser micro-dissection and qPCR for identifying specific HPV types responsible for malignancy in penile lesions

“…HPV 16 and 18 are also associated with low, moderate and severe penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN 1, 2, and 3) which may develop into invasive cancer [Gross and Pfister., 2004]. Other factors attributed to the development of penile cancer include phimosis, poor standards of penile hygiene, history of smoking, multiple sexual partners, lack of neonatal circumcision, and history of other sexually transmitted diseases [Kiptoon et al, ; Reis and da Cruz., 2012].…”