Cancer of the larynx in black Africans in Jos, Nigeria

Current evidence on the burden of head and neck cancers in Nigeria

“…However, a bimodal curve was reported from Jos (North central) and Lagos (South west) with the first peak in the 2 nd decade and the second peak in the 4 th and 5 th decade [ 21 - 23 ]. Laryngeal cancers had a peak incidence in the 5 th decade in South-western cities of Lagos and Ibadan [ 10 , 28 ], while in northern city of Jos [ 26 ] the mean age was 46.5 years with peak incidence in the 4 th decade. The peak age occurrence of maxillary cancer was in the 4 th decade in Jos [ 24 ] and in the 5 th decade and the 6 th to 7 th decades in two different reports from Lagos [ 10 , 25 ].…”

“…Identified risks factors among the reviewed articles included: kola nuts, tobacco, farming, viral infections, alcohol and smoking [ 7 , 9 , 12 , 13 , 23 , 26 , 35 ]. In a report from Maiduguri [ 7 ] northern region of the country, tobacco smoking, tobacco chewing and chewing of kola nuts were associated with carcinoma of oral cavity.…”

“…Kola nuts (Cola acuminate) has been reported to promote palatal mucosa keratinization of cigarette smokers and is considered a co-carcinogen. Laryngeal cancer was commoner in patients who consumed alcohol than smokers in the report from Jos [ 26 ], while in reports from Enugu [ 35 ], Lagos [ 13 ] and Ile Ife [ 9 ] most patients with laryngeal carcinoma were non-smokers. Virus is thought to be responsible for some HNC in sero-positive patients by viral oncogenesis.…”

Laryngeal carcinoma: Experience in Ile-Ife, Nigeria

“…Hoarseness in voice and breathlessness presented by all our patients were the most common symptoms of laryngeal carcinoma earlier reported by Ratiola and his co-workers, and in this sub-region. [3,14] Weight loss, cough, and otalgia were less common while dysphagia, stridor, odinophagia, headache, and neck swelling were uncommon. Referred otalgia, observed in six patients, is a useful guide in making early diagnosis in patients with a family history of laryngeal carcinoma.…”

Challenges of Human Papillomavirus Infection and Associated Diseases in Low-Resource Countries

“…43 Various risk factors in Nigeria have been identified including kola nuts, tobacco, farming, viral infections (HPV and Epstein Barr virus), alcohol, and smoking. 44,[54][55][56][57][58] These risk factors vary depending on the geographic location within the country. In Nigeria, smoking cigarettes, and chewing of kola nuts and tobacco have been implicated in the development of carcinoma in the oral cavity.…”