Cancer neoantigen: Boosting immunotherapy

Xu, Peijia; Luo, Hui; Kong, Ying; Lai, Wing‐Fu; Cui, Liao; Zhu, Xiao

doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110640

Cited by 41 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Moreover, the incidence of these two kinds of hematological malignancies is increasing year by year, which undoubtedly poses a serious threat to human health and life safety. The occurrence and development of hematological malignancies are very rapid and complex, which is a complex process of the interaction between internal genetic factors (38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44), molecular signal transduction (45,46), metabolic factors (47)(48)(49), immune factors (50)(51)(52)(53)(54)(55), and tumor microenvironment (41,(56)(57)(58)(59). Although current chemotherapy can prolong the survival time of tumor patients (60,61), the prognosis and economic burden are still difficult problems in clinical work.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and Prognostic Pan-Cancer Analysis of N6-Methyladenosine Regulators in Two Types of Hematological Malignancies: A Retrospective Study Based on TCGA and GTEx Databases

et al. 2021

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N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is one of the most active modification factors of mRNA, which is closely related to cell proliferation, differentiation, and tumor development. Here, we explored the relationship between the pathogenesis of hematological malignancies and the clinicopathologic parameters. The datasets of hematological malignancies and controls were obtained from the TCGA [AML (n = 200), DLBCL (n = 48)] and GTEx [whole blood (n = 337), blood vascular artery (n = 606)]. We analyzed the m6A factor expression differences in normal tissue and tumor tissue and their correlations, clustered the express obvious clinical tumor subtypes, determined the tumor risk score, established Cox regression model, performed univariate and multivariate analysis on all datasets. We found that the AML patients with high expression of IGF2BP3, ALKBH5, and IGF2BP2 had poor survival, while the DLBCL patients with high expression of METTL14 had poor survival. In addition, “Total” datasets analysis revealed that IGF2BP1, ALKBH5, IGF2BP2, RBM15, METTL3, and ZNF217 were potential oncogenes for hematologic system tumors. Collectively, the expressions of some m6A regulators are closely related to the occurrence and development of hematologic system tumors, and the intervention of specific regulatory factors may lead to a breakthrough in the treatment in the future.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and Prognostic Pan-Cancer Analysis of N6-Methyladenosine Regulators in Two Types of Hematological Malignancies: A Retrospective Study Based on TCGA and GTEx Databases

et al. 2021

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“…Although a series of features of this ligand are normal tissue, tumor cells are known to have the ability to inhibit tumor-specific t cell function. PD-L1 and CTLA-4 are the most studied checkpoint ligands (6,22).…”

Section: Immune Checkpoint Ligandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aim of tumor immunology therapy is to stimulate or mobilize the body's immune system and enhance tumor microenvironment anti-tumor immunity, so as to control and kill tumor cells (3). There are many methods of tumor immunological therapy (4) (5), including tumor vaccine (6), immune-guided therapy, cell adoptive immunotherapy (7), cytokine therapy, gene therapy (8) and comprehensive therapy. Immunotherapy of tumor, whether a single drug or combination therapy, has shown clinical efficacy in many kinds of cancer, so it has attracted more and more attention (3,9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mechanism of Stimulating and Mobilizing the Immune System Enhancing the Anti-Tumor Immunity

Zhu

2021

Front. Immunol.

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Cancer immunotherapy is a kind of therapy that can control and eliminate tumors by restarting and maintaining the tumor-immune cycle and restoring the body’s normal anti-tumor immune response. Although immunotherapy has great potential, it is currently only applicable to patients with certain types of tumors, such as melanoma, lung cancer, and cancer with high mutation load and microsatellite instability, and even in these types of tumors, immunotherapy is not effective for all patients. In order to enhance the effectiveness of tumor immunotherapy, this article reviews the research progress of tumor microenvironment immunotherapy, and studies the mechanism of stimulating and mobilizing immune system to enhance anti-tumor immunity. In this review, we focused on immunotherapy against tumor microenvironment (TME) and discussed the important research progress. TME is the environment for the survival and development of tumor cells, which is composed of cell components and non-cell components; immunotherapy for TME by stimulating or mobilizing the immune system of the body, enhancing the anti-tumor immunity. The checkpoint inhibitors can effectively block the inhibitory immunoregulation, indirectly strengthen the anti-tumor immune response and improve the effect of immunotherapy. We also found the checkpoint inhibitors have brought great changes to the treatment model of advanced tumors, but the clinical treatment results show great individual differences. Based on the close attention to the future development trend of immunotherapy, this study summarized the latest progress of immunotherapy and pointed out a new direction. To study the mechanism of stimulating and mobilizing the immune system to enhance anti-tumor immunity can provide new opportunities for cancer treatment, expand the clinical application scope and effective population of cancer immunotherapy, and improve the survival rate of cancer patients.

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“…Neoantigens are generated by nonsynonymous somatic mutations or frame shift mutations [ 34 , 35 ] in tumor cells without an intact mismatch repair system [ 36 , 37 ]. Tumor mutation burden (TMB) is determined by the amount of gene mutations within cancer cells and shows a strong correlation with the effectiveness of neoantigen-based vaccine [ 38 , 39 ]. Based on this rationale, patients with high TMB can be good candidates for private neoantigen-based vaccine therapy.…”

Section: Target Antigens For Therapeutic Cancer Vaccinementioning

confidence: 99%

Combining Cancer Vaccines with Immunotherapy: Establishing a New Immunological Approach

Kim

Sang

Lee

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Therapeutic cancer vaccines have become increasingly qualified for use in personalized cancer immunotherapy. A deeper understanding of tumor immunology and novel antigen delivery technologies has assisted in optimizing vaccine design. Therapeutic cancer vaccines aim to establish long-lasting immunological memory against tumor cells, thereby leading to effective tumor regression and minimizing non-specific or adverse events. However, due to several resistance mechanisms, significant challenges remain to be solved in order to achieve these goals. In this review, we describe our current understanding with respect to the use of the antigen repertoire in vaccine platform development. We also summarize various intrinsic and extrinsic resistance mechanisms behind the failure of cancer vaccine development in the past. Finally, we suggest a strategy that combines immune checkpoint inhibitors to enhance the efficacy of cancer vaccines.

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Cancer neoantigen: Boosting immunotherapy

Cited by 41 publications

References 78 publications

Clinical and Prognostic Pan-Cancer Analysis of N6-Methyladenosine Regulators in Two Types of Hematological Malignancies: A Retrospective Study Based on TCGA and GTEx Databases

Clinical and Prognostic Pan-Cancer Analysis of N6-Methyladenosine Regulators in Two Types of Hematological Malignancies: A Retrospective Study Based on TCGA and GTEx Databases

The Mechanism of Stimulating and Mobilizing the Immune System Enhancing the Anti-Tumor Immunity

Combining Cancer Vaccines with Immunotherapy: Establishing a New Immunological Approach

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