Cancer Nanotechnology: A New Revolution for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy

Abstract

Background: Nanotechnology is gaining significant attention worldwide for cancer treatment. Nanobiotechnology encourages the combination of diagnostics with therapeutics, which is a vital component of a customized way to deal with the malignancy. Nanoparticles are being used as Nanomedicine which participates in diagnosis and treatment of various diseases including cancer. The unique characteristic of Nanomedicine i.e. their high surface to volume ratio enables them to tie, absorb, and convey small biomolecule like DNA, RNA, drugs, proteins, and other molecules to targeted site and thus enhances the efficacy of therapeutic agents. Objective: The objective of the present article is to provide an insight of several aspect of nanotechnology in cancer therapeutics such as various nanomaterials as drug vehicle, drug release strategies and role of nanotechnology in cancer therapy. Methods: We performed an extensive search on bibliographic database for research article on nanotechnology and cancer therapeutics and further compiled the necessary information from various articles into the present article. Results: Cancer nanotechnology confers a unique technology against cancer through early diagnosis, prevention, personalized therapy by utilizing nanoparticles and quantum dots.Nano-biotechnology plays an important role in the discovery of cancer biomarkers. Quantum dots, gold nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, gold nanowires etc. have been developed as a carrier of biomolecules that can detect cancer biomarkers. Nanoparticle assisted cancer detection and monitoring involves biomolecules like proteins, antibody fragments, DNA fragments, and RNA fragments as the base of cancer biomarkers. Conclusion: This review highlights various approaches of cancer nanotechnology in the advancement of cancer therapy.

Functionalized Fluorescent Silica Nanoparticles for Bioimaging of Cancer Cells

“…Currently, the most used imaging techniques to detect cancer are based on X-ray sources (e.g., computed tomography scan), high magnetic fields (e.g., magnetic resonance imaging), or radioactive substances as tracers (e.g., positron emission tomography scan); however, these techniques can cause side effects in the patients. In fact, to improve the contrast in the images sometimes several scans are required, increasing the chances to suffer side effects [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. In the last decade an alternative complementary detection technique, “fluorescence microscopy”, is in expansion since it is less invasive and offers a safe detection with high sensitivity, specificity, and resolution.…”

“…Additionally, nanoparticles help to stabilize hydrophobic components in aqueous media and prevent degradation and inactivation of active compounds [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. In cancer diagnosis and treatment, targeted nanoparticles can be designed and synthesized to enhance their selective uptake and retention inside tumoral cells [ 4 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ].…”

“…Targeted nanoparticles should be carefully designed in terms of size, structure, composition, and functionalization to balance their stability, diffusion, specificity, and biocompatibility. Currently, there are several nanosystems based on liposomes-, polymeric-, micellar-, metallic-, or protein-based nanoparticles that are approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for medical applications [ 4 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 28 , 29 , 30 ]. Among them, silica nanoparticles (SN), have been receiving special attention due to their wide spectrum of applications.…”

Mixed Convective in an Axisymmetric Magneto Flow Owing to MoS₂-GO Hybrid Nanoliquids in H₂O Based Liquid through an Upright Cylinder with Shape Factor<strong> </strong>

“…On the other hand, extensive growth of Nanoparticles and their different versions defined by different generations have shown their burgeoning demands in many parts of commercial and industrial development. They have been used to present new solutions and ease processes in Aerospace Engineering [66], ecology [67], biotechnology [68], microbiology [69], Medicine [70,71], Cancer Treatment [72], Genetics [73], Energy [74], electronic devices [75] and so on. Nano fluids (NFs) were made and introduced to the world of science and technology for the first time by Choi [48] in Argonne National Laboratory and their main goal was to explain fluids.…”

Magnetic hyperthermia therapy in glioblastoma tumor on-a-Chip model

“…(1,2) As a result of the studies developed in this area, a number of products have been commercialized and used in clinical medicine, (3,4) such as biocompatible nanoparticles applied both to therapy and to diagnosis of tumors. (5) One of the techniques applied to treatment of tumors is hyperthermia that uses strategies based on radiofrequency waves, ultrasound and microwave, as well as laser light treatments associated with the use of nanoparticles with magnetic properties. (6)(7)(8) Magnetic nanoparticles (MNP), when submitted to alternating magnetic field (AMF), generate heat by transforming magnetic energy into thermal energy used in treatment of tumors, such as shown in figure 1.…”