Cancer-Nano-Interaction: From Cellular Uptake to Mechanobiological Responses

Abstract

With the advancement of nanotechnology, the nano-bio-interaction field has emerged. It is essential to enhance our understanding of nano-bio-interaction in different aspects to design nanomedicines and improve their efficacy for therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Many researchers have extensively studied the toxicological responses of cancer cells to nano-bio-interaction, while their mechanobiological responses have been less investigated. The mechanobiological properties of cells such as elasticity and adhesion play vital roles in cellular functions and cancer progression. Many studies have noticed the impacts of cellular uptake on the structural organization of cells and, in return, the mechanobiology of human cells. Mechanobiological changes induced by the interactions of nanomaterials and cells could alter cellular functions and influence cancer progression. Hence, in addition to biological responses, the possible mechanobiological responses of treated cells should be monitored as a standard methodology to evaluate the efficiency of nanomedicines. Studying the cancer-nano-interaction in the context of cell mechanics takes our knowledge one step closer to designing safe and intelligent nanomedicines. In this review, we briefly discuss how the characteristic properties of nanoparticles influence cellular uptake. Then, we provide insight into the mechanobiological responses that may occur during the nano-bio-interactions, and finally, the important measurement techniques for the mechanobiological characterizations of cells are summarized and compared. Understanding the unknown mechanobiological responses to nano-bio-interaction will help with developing the application of nanoparticles to modulate cell mechanics for controlling cancer progression.

Recent Advances in Chitosan and its Derivatives in Cancer Treatment

“…Under this circumstance, researchers around the world have explored a variety of new nanocarriers and targeted modification systems to overcome these shortcomings and improve the therapeutic outcomes ( Ghaz-Jahanian et al, 2015 ; Bai et al, 2021 ; Shakeran et al, 2021 ; Dubey et al, 2022 ). Because nanotechnology provides a suitable means for the targeted and time-controlled delivery of drugs and other bioactive agents, it has been widely studied in drug delivery and has potential application prospects in cancer treatment ( Sabra et al, 2017 ; George et al, 2019 ; Ion et al, 2021 ; Maspes et al, 2021 ; Sohrabi and Packirisamy, 2021 ; Li et al, 2022 ). Drug delivery systems (DDSs) refer to the methods of delivering drugs to the targeted tissues, organs, cells or subcellular organs through various drug carriers for controlling drug release and absorption, so as to improve the pharmacological activity, overcome the limited solubility, low bioavailability, poor biological distribution and lack of selectivity, or to minimize the adverse effects ( Li et al, 2019 ).…”

Nanomaterials in Animal Husbandry: Research and Prospects

“…Besides, several investigations have shown that the optimal size for efficient cellular uptake of gold NPs is 50 nm ( Jiang et al, 2008 ; Albanese and Chan, 2011 ; Huang et al, 2012 ). The results also show that internalization efficiency on human adipose-derived stem cells of spherical NPs in the range of 30–50 nm is higher than that of NPs with sizes of 15, 75, and 100 nm ( Sohrabi Kashani and Packirisamy, 2021 ).…”

“…It is a treatment that can target and destroy certain types of sick tissues while retaining healthy cells. NPs with specific properties are designed for targeted therapy to transport therapeutic agents to tumor sites and release them under controlled conditions ( Sohrabi Kashani and Packirisamy, 2021 ). By securely delivering therapeutic medications to damaged areas or specific cells, these technologies may be able to overcome the constraints of previous methods and improve the therapeutic effect ( Jurj et al, 2017 ; Mu et al, 2020 ).…”

Gold Nano-Bio-Interaction to Modulate Mechanobiological Responses for Cancer Therapy Applications

“…They observed that these nanomaterials directly interact with actin networks after entering cells. Different parameters such as size, morphology, surface chemistry, NPs concentration, incubation time, and cell type can influence how NPs interact with cytoskeletal structures . For example, Yang and co-workers showed that the migration of prostate carcinoma cells is reduced in the presence of gold NPs, while the migration of human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) is dependent on surface charges and shape of gold NPs.…”