Cancer mortality in workers exposed to chlorophenoxy herbicides and chlorophenols

Saracci, Rodolfo; Kogevinas, Manolis; Winkelmann, R K; Bertazzi, Pier Alberto; Mesquita, Bas H. Bueno de; Coggon, David; Green, L.M.; Kauppinen, Timo; L'Abbé, Kristan A.; Littorin, Margareta; Lynge, Elsebeth; Mathews, John D.; Neuberger, Manfred; Osman, John; Pearce, Neil

doi:10.1016/0140-6736(91)91898-5

Cited by 225 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…While 1 study found a strong association of chlorophenols with nasopharyngeal cancer, 28 others were unable to demonstrate it. 29,30 For sinonasal cancer, no association 30 or a possible positive association 31 were found in different studies. To reduce the potential effects on the results of other factors associated with wood-related occupations, we intentionally add wood-exposure variables including histories of working in a pulp mill, saw mill or planking mill, working with or around wood preservatives or wood treating chemicals, working with or around plywood, fiberboard or particleboard and working with or around wood or saw dust on a job to the model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Case‐control study evaluating the homogeneity and heterogeneity of risk factors between sinonasal and nasopharyngeal cancers

Zhu

Levine

Brann

et al. 2002

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Sinonasal cancer and nasopharyngeal cancer may share some risk factors because both are located within the upper aerodigestive tract. They may also have different etiological profiles because of anatomic or pathologic differences. However, the similarities and differences in risk factors have rarely been studied within the same population. We assessed the risk factor profiles of sinonasal and nasopharyngeal cancers, using data from a case-control study. The 2 case groups consisted of men aged 31-59 and diagnosed pathologically with sinonasal cancer (n‫)07؍‬ and nasopharyngeal cancer (n‫,)311؍‬ respectively. Controls were men without these cancers and selected from the same areas (n‫.)0191؍‬ Logistic regression analysis showed that smoking was a risk factor for both sinonasal [odds ratio (OR)‫,5.2؍‬ 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-5.4] and nasopharyngeal cancer (OR‫,8.1؍‬ 95%CI 1.1-3.0). However, ever use of barbiturates without a prescription (OR‫,9.4؍‬ 95%CI 1.7-13.8), working with or around cutting oils on a job (OR‫,9.1؍‬ 95%CI 1.1-3.1) and ever having had sinus infections (OR‫,3.2؍‬ 95%CI 1.1-4.6) were associated with nasopharyngeal cancer only. Having received blood products other than a transfusion (OR‫,1.9؍‬ 95%CI 2.2-37.4) and exposure to a pesticide containing 2,4,5-T (OR‫,9.5؍‬ 95%CI 1.5-23.7) were related to sinonasal cancer only. When data analyses were confined to squamous cell type, smoking and exposure to chlorophenols were related to squamous cell tumors at both sites. However, use of barbiturates and sinus problems other than infection only increased the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Our study suggests that except for smoking and chlorophenol exposure, which are associated with both sites, the risk factor profiles may differ between sinonasal and nasopharyngeal cancers. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Key words: case-control studies; nasopharyngeal cancer; risk factors; sinonasal cancer; smokingContiguous sites within a system may be prone to the effect of the same risk factors for cancer because of their common exposures. However, the sites within a system usually differ in anatomical or histologic features and therefore may have different susceptibility to different etiological factors, resulting in different risk factor profiles. Sinonasal cancer (malignancies of the sinus or nasal cavities) and nasopharyngeal cancer (malignancies of the nasopharynx) may share some risk factors because both are located within the upper aerodigestive tract. They may also possess different epidemiological and etiological profiles because of anatomic or pathologic differences. It is known that sinonasal cancer occurs more frequently in individuals in their 60s and in some areas in Japan, France, India and South Africa, 1 while nasopharyngeal cancer is more frequent in Southern China and some African tribes and incidence rates reach a peak during adolescence or during ages 45-55. 2,3 Studies in different regions and different populations have identified distinct risk-factor profiles for sinonasal and nasopharyngeal ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Case‐control study evaluating the homogeneity and heterogeneity of risk factors between sinonasal and nasopharyngeal cancers

Zhu

Levine

Brann

et al. 2002

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…Increased mortality risks observed among women (but not men) in the current study are cancer of the nasopharynx and eye and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Increased mortality from cancer of the nose and nasal cavity has been reported for workers exposed to chlorophenoxy herbicides (20). Increased risk for nasopharyngeal cancer has been reported for occupational exposures to chlorophenoxy herbicides (34).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer Mortality in Agricultural Regions of Minnesota

Schreinemachers

Creason²,

Garry³

1998

Epidemiology

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“…Obese subjects were at elevated risk of leukaemias and lymphomas in the American Cancer Society cohort study conducted between 1959 and 1972 (Lew and Garfinkel, 1979). It is biologically plausible that overweight and obese people may be at higher risk of STS as, besides radiation, selected chemicals and some drugs and infectious agents (Zahm et al, 1996;Zahm and Fraumeni, 1997), herbicides and pesticides, particularly those containing 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, chlorophenols and dibenzofurans, have been associated to STS risk (Hoar et al, 1986;Kang et al, 1987;Woods et al, 1987;Reif et al, 1989;Saracci et al, 1991;Bertazzi et al, 1993;Kogevinas et al, 1997;Hoppin et al, 1998), and most of these chemicals accumulate in human adipose tissue (Patterson et al, 1996;Kang et al, 1991;Orban et al, 1994). Very lean subjects may be selectively at low risk because of inherent characteristics of their adipose tissue, and of its specific role in STS pathogenesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body weight and risk of soft-tissue sarcoma

et al. 1999

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A population-based case-control study (Zahm et al, 1989) conducted in Kansas, USA and based on 133 cases showed that the risk of soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) increased with adult body weight, the odds ratio (OR) being 2.0 for people weighing more than 200 pounds. To provide further information on this issue, we analysed data from a large case-control study conducted in Italy. SUBJECTS AND METHODSData were derived from a case-control study of STS, conducted between 1983 and 1998 in the greater Milan area and the province of Pordenone, northern Italy (Serraino et al, 1991;Tavani et al, 1997).Cases were 217 patients (113 men, median age 52 years, range 21-79; and 104 women, median age 54 years, range 16-79) with histologically confirmed incident (i.e. diagnosed within the year preceding the interview) STS (International Classification of Diseases IX Edition ICD-171) admitted to the cancer institutes and major teaching and general hospitals of the areas under surveillance.Controls were 1297 patients (792 men, median age 55 years, range 17-79; and 505 women, median age 57 years, range 17-79) admitted to the same network of hospitals for acute, nonneoplastic and non-immune-related conditions. Of the comparison group, 15% were admitted for traumas, 27% for other orthopaedic disorders (such as low back pain and disc diseases), 29% for acute surgical conditions (such as acute appendicitis or strangulated hernia), and 28% for other miscellaneous illnesses (such as ear, nose and throat, eye, dental or skin disorders). On average, fewer than 4% of the eligible cases and controls refused the interview.Trained interviewers used a structured questionnaire to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, anthropometric measures (self-reported weight and height), personal and family history of selected medical conditions, a few selected occupational and environmental exposures, smoking status and consumption of alcohol, coffee and selected dietary items. Data analysisBody mass index (BMI) was computed according to Quetelet's index (weight height -2 , kg m -2 ), which is essentially an indicator of weight unrelated to height (Benn, 1971). Odds ratios (OR) with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were derived using unconditional multiple logistic regression analysis, fitted by the method of maximum likelihood (Breslow and Day, 1980). The regression models included terms for study centre, year of recruitment, age (8 levels plus a continuous term) and education. Table 1 gives the distribution of STS cases and controls by sex according to age and BMI, and the OR of STS according to BMI. The risk of STS rose with BMI, and the OR was 3.28 in subjects with a BMI > 30 compared to those with BMI ≤ 20. The OR was 3.49 for men and 3.26 for women. The risk estimates did not change after further adjustment for employment in agriculture and radiation therapy: the OR became 3.41 and 3.53 respectively for men and women with BMI > 30 compared to those with BMI ≤ 20. RESULTSA separate analysis for broad categories of anatomical sit...

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Cancer mortality in workers exposed to chlorophenoxy herbicides and chlorophenols

Cited by 225 publications

References 17 publications

Case‐control study evaluating the homogeneity and heterogeneity of risk factors between sinonasal and nasopharyngeal cancers

Case‐control study evaluating the homogeneity and heterogeneity of risk factors between sinonasal and nasopharyngeal cancers

Cancer Mortality in Agricultural Regions of Minnesota

Body weight and risk of soft-tissue sarcoma

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