Cancer mortality in U.S. counties with hazardous waste sites

Harmon, Mary P.; Coe, Kathryn

doi:10.1007/bf01261111

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…The majority of studies investigating environmental effects on mortality have focused on air pollutants and show that exposure to air pollutants is linked with an increased risk of mortality (e.g., Krall et al 2013 ; Tao et al 2012 ; Zanobetti and Schwartz 2009 ). Associations between water pollutants and mortality have also been reported, particularly in the vicinity of polluted water environments ( Harmon and Coe 1993 ; Hendryx et al 2012 ; Ren et al 2015 ). A few studies have also reported associations between mortality and other aspects of environmental quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Associations between Environmental Quality and Mortality in the Contiguous United States, 2000–2005

Jian

Messer

Jagai

et al. 2017

Environ Health Perspect

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Background:Assessing cumulative effects of the multiple environmental factors influencing mortality remains a challenging task.Objectives:This study aimed to examine the associations between cumulative environmental quality and all-cause and leading cause-specific (heart disease, cancer, and stroke) mortality rates.Methods:We used the overall Environmental Quality Index (EQI) and its five domain indices (air, water, land, built, and sociodemographic) to represent environmental exposure. Associations between the EQI and mortality rates (CDC WONDER) for counties in the contiguous United States (n = 3,109) were investigated using multiple linear regression models and random intercept and random slope hierarchical models. Urbanicity, climate, and a combination of the two were used to explore the spatial patterns in the associations.Results:We found 1 standard deviation increase in the overall EQI (worse environment) was associated with a mean 3.22% (95% CI: 2.80%, 3.64%) increase in all-cause mortality, a 0.54% (95% CI: –0.17%, 1.25%) increase in heart disease mortality, a 2.71% (95% CI: 2.21%, 3.22%) increase in cancer mortality, and a 2.25% (95% CI: 1.11%, 3.39%) increase in stroke mortality. Among the environmental domains, the associations ranged from –1.27% (95% CI: –1.70%, –0.84%) to 3.37% (95% CI: 2.90%, 3.84%) for all-cause mortality, –2.62% (95% CI: –3.52%, –1.73%) to 4.50% (95% CI: 3.73%, 5.27%) for heart disease mortality, –0.88% (95% CI: –2.12%, 0.36%) to 3.72% (95% CI: 2.38%, 5.06%) for stroke mortality, and –0.68% (95% CI: –1.19%, –0.18%) to 3.01% (95% CI: 2.46%, 3.56%) for cancer mortality. Air had the largest associations with all-cause, heart disease, and cancer mortality, whereas the sociodemographic index had the largest association with stroke mortality. Across the urbanicity gradient, no consistent trend was found. Across climate regions, the associations ranged from 2.29% (95% CI: 1.87%, 2.72%) to 5.30% (95% CI: 4.30%, 6.30%) for overall EQI, and larger associations were generally found in dry areas for both overall EQI and domain indices.Conclusions:These results suggest that poor environmental quality, particularly poor air quality, was associated with increased mortality and that associations vary by urbanicity and climate region.Citation:Jian Y, Messer LC, Jagai JS, Rappazzo KM, Gray CL, Grabich SC, Lobdell DT. 2017. Associations between environmental quality and mortality in the contiguous United States, 2000–2005. Environ Health Perspect 125:355–362; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP119

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