Cancer mortality in East and Southeast Asian migrants to New South Wales, Australia, 1975–1995

McCredie, Margaret; Williams, Sheila; Coates, Marylon

doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6690205

Cited by 74 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…7 Also, the lifestyle of migrants is likely to change with increasing time spent in the host country so that cancer risks may alter over time. 8 It is feasible that the immigrants maintained their lifestyle for some years after arriving in Sweden and that their children had a lifestyle more similar to the rest of the Swedish population and, thus, similar cancer rates.…”

Section: Dear Sirmentioning

confidence: 99%

On cancer risks in second‐generation immigrants to Sweden

Bendesky

Ostrosky‐Wegman

2002

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Section: Dear Sirmentioning

confidence: 99%

On cancer risks in second‐generation immigrants to Sweden

Bendesky

Ostrosky‐Wegman

2002

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…1). Even within China, there is at least 50-fold variation in NPC incidence across regions, with rates generally increasing from northern China (e.g., Beijing and Tianjin) to southern China (e.g., Hong Kong; migrants to the United Kingdom (29) and Australia (30). Moreover, risk seems to decrease with longer duration of residence (30) and with succeeding generations in the West (31).…”

Section: Descriptive Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Enigmatic Epidemiology of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Chang

Adami

2006

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

1,145

1,009

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Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has a unique and complex etiology that is not completely understood. Although NPC is rare in most populations, it is a leading form of cancer in a few well-defined populations, including natives of southern China, Southeast Asia, the Arctic, and the Middle East/North Africa. The distinctive racial/ethnic and geographic distribution of NPC worldwide suggests that both environmental factors and genetic traits contribute to its development. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge regarding the epidemiology of NPC and to propose new avenues of research that could help illuminate the causes and ultimately the prevention of this remarkable disease. Well-established risk factors for NPC include elevated antibody titers against the Epstein-Barr virus, consumption of salt-preserved fish, a family history of NPC, and certain human leukocyte antigen class I genotypes. Consumption of other preserved foods, tobacco smoking, and a history of chronic respiratory tract conditions may be associated with elevated NPC risk, whereas consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables and other human leukocyte antigen genotypes may be associated with decreased risk. Evidence for a causal role of various inhalants, herbal medicines, and occupational exposures is inconsistent. Other than dietary modification, no concrete preventive measures for NPC exist. Given the unresolved gaps in understanding of NPC, there is a clear need for large-scale, populationbased molecular epidemiologic studies to elucidate how environmental, viral, and genetic factors interact in both the development and the prevention of this disease. PurposeIntriguing hallmarks of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) include its striking racial/ethnic and geographic variation, as well as its multifactorial etiology involving the interplay of environmental, viral, and genetic risk factors. The precise roles of these factors in the development of NPC, however, remain unknown. The purpose of this review is to highlight what is understood about the epidemiology of NPC, as well as to present unresolved research questions that call for large-scale molecular epidemiologic studies of NPC to illuminate the underlying causes of this fascinating disease. Review MethodsA thorough review of the literature related to the etiology of NPC was undertaken, starting with a Medline search from 1966 onward. Additional papers, book sections, and monographs were identified through examination of reference lists. Because this review aims to present the epidemiologic evidence in a range of topic areas, rather than to calculate overall estimates of effect, formal quantitative methods were not used. All relevant papers have been cited to provide a comprehensive summary of the evidence. Inclusion or exclusion criteria were not applied to individual reports, but the strength, consistency, and relevance of the findings were considered in weighing the evidence.Descriptive Epidemiology

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“…1,2 Since then, numerous other migrant studies have appeared from these geographic areas, from Israel, South America and some European countries. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Common to these studies has been, with a few exceptions, that the incidence of cancer has moved to the level of the new host population in 1 or 2 generations. [11][12][13][14] Although these studies on practically all main cancers and decreasing and increasing rates, leave little doubt about the overall importance of changing environmental factors in cancer, there are some features in migrant studies that have deserved limited attention, including movement of people between approximately the same socioeconomic backgrounds and between small geographic distances.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer risks in second‐generation immigrants to Sweden

Hemminki

2002

Intl Journal of Cancer

118

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We used the nationwide Swedish Family-Cancer Database to analyze cancer risks in Sweden-born descendants of immigrants from European and North American countries. Our study included close to 600,000 0 -66-year-old descendants of an immigrant father or mother. We calculated standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for 17 cancer sites using native Swedes as a reference. All cancer was marginally below the Swedish incidence in offspring of immigrant origin. Decreased SIRs were observed for breast cancer among Norwegian descendants, melanoma among descendants of Hungarian fathers and ovarian and bladder cancer among descendents of Finnish mothers, all consistent with the difference in cancer incidence between Swedes and the indigenous populations. Cervical cancer was increased in daughters of Danish men, whereas thyroid cancer and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were in excess in offspring of parents of Yugoslav and Asian descent. Even these results agreed with the high incidence rates in parents compared to Swedes, except that for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma other explanations are needed; these may be related to immune malfunction. Comparison of the results between the firstand the second-generation immigrants suggest that the first 2 decades of life are important in setting the pattern for cancer development in subsequent life. Birth in Sweden sets the Swedish pattern for cancer incidence, irrespective of the nationality of descent, while entering Sweden in the 20s is already too late to influence the environmentally imprinted program for the cancer destiny.

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Cancer mortality in East and Southeast Asian migrants to New South Wales, Australia, 1975–1995

Cited by 74 publications

References 21 publications

On cancer risks in second‐generation immigrants to Sweden

On cancer risks in second‐generation immigrants to Sweden

The Enigmatic Epidemiology of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Cancer risks in second‐generation immigrants to Sweden

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