Cancer mortality in chronic typhoid and paratyphoid carriers

Caygill, C. P. J.; Hill, Michael J.; Braddick, M; Sharp, J. C. M.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(94)90816-8

Cited by 171 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…S. typhi carriers have a RR of 12.7 to 167 with 6 % developing GBC [12][13][14]. H. pylori DNA too has been detected in the gallbladder of patients with GBC [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic Changes in Carcinogenesis of Gallbladder

Tewari

Agarwal

Mishra

et al. 2013

Indian J Surg Oncol

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Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a lethal and a common malignancy affecting mostly females. There are restricted high incidence pockets across the world and in northern India highest incidence of GBC is reported from the Gangetic belt. The etiology of this disease remains largely unknown though several risk factors have been stated. The genetic aberrations in GBC involving mutations in tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes have been reported in literature. However, there is scarcity of data regarding epigenetic changes that may also be involved in gallbladder carcinogenesis. This review attempts to summarize our current understanding of the epigenetic changes in GBC.

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“…S. typhi carriers have a RR of 12.7 to 167 with 6 % developing GBC [12][13][14]. H. pylori DNA too has been detected in the gallbladder of patients with GBC [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic Changes in Carcinogenesis of Gallbladder

Tewari

Agarwal

Mishra

et al. 2013

Indian J Surg Oncol

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“…A link has specifically been proposed between chronic infection of the gallbladder and Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serotype Typhi (S. Typhi hence forth) [5][6][7][8][9][10]. A chronic biliary carrier state of S. Typhi with a focus usually in the gallbladder is considered far more common than a focus in any other site.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of carcinoma of the gallbladder with typhoid carriage in a typhoid endemic area using nested PCR

Nath

Singh

Kumar

et al. 2008

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Background: Although well studied the association between chronic typhoid carrier state and carcinoma of the gallbladder (CaGB) remains unproven. Methodology: The study was performed at a tertiary care medical center in North India and involved 52 patients with CaGB, 223 patients with benign gallbladder diseases, 508 healthy individuals and, 424 corpses. For the detection of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, hepatobiliary specimens were subjected to DNA extraction for specific nested-PCR amplification of the S. Typhi flagellin gene. Anti-Vi S. Typhi antibodies were detected in serum samples from patients by indirect haemagglutination. Results: Thirty five of the 52 (67.3%) CaGB patients were PCR-positive for the S. Typhi flagellin gene; significantly higher than for patients with benign gallbladder diseases (95/223, 42.6%; p<0.01) and corpses (35/424, 8.2%; p<0.001). The numbers of individuals that had significant anti-Vi antibody titres (≥160) in their serum were 20/52 (38.5%) for CaGB patients, 31/223 (13.9%) for patients with benign gallbladder diseases, and 47/508 (9.2%) for healthy individuals. Conclusions: Specific nested-PCR amplification of the S. Typhi flagellin gene in hepato-biliary specimens was more sensitive for detection of S. Typhi carriage than anti-Vi antibody titres in serum. The results demonstrate an association between typhoid carriage and gallbladder diseases, both CaGB and benign. S. Typhi specific immunosuppression is also suggested in patients with gallbladder diseases.

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“…Although chronic carriage of Salmonella is recognized as a significant complication that facilitates spread of the disease (2) and predisposes victims to additional clinical conditions (12,13) the mechanism underlying persistency has remained poorly understood. We discovered the link between polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase) and chronic infection while characterizing a mutant of Salmonella typhimurium that was defective in its expression of virulence-associated AgfA fimbriae and known to establish persistent infection in BALB͞c mice (14).…”

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confidence: 99%

Polynucleotide phosphorylase is a global regulator of virulence and persistency in Salmonella enterica

Clements

Eriksson

Thompson

et al. 2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

151

133

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For many pathogens, the ability to regulate their replication in host cells is a key element in establishing persistency. Here, we identified a single point mutation in the gene for polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase) as a factor affecting bacterial invasion and intracellular replication, and which determines the alternation between acute or persistent infection in a mouse model for Salmonella enterica infection. In parallel, with microarray analysis, PNPase was found to affect the mRNA levels of a subset of virulence genes, in particular those contained in Salmonella pathogenicity islands 1 and 2. The results demonstrate a connection between PNPase and Salmonella virulence and show that alterations in PNPase activity could represent a strategy for the establishment of persistency.T he species Salmonella enterica is a classic example of the facultative intracellular pathogen that can cause acute and persistent infections (1-4). Typhoid fever is a serious manifestation of systemic salmonellosis in humans and involves an estimated 16.6 million new cases per year (2) with between 2% and 5% of the cases developing into the carrier state (3, 4).Much of the knowledge of salmonellosis pathogenesis comes from work on the murine salmonellosis model (1, 5), and this model has been used to define bacterial virulence factors (1, 6, 7). An important virulence trait of Salmonella is its ability to invade and grow within host cells, and many of the genetic determinants essential for these processes have been well characterized (8-11). Invasion of epithelial cells requires the expression of a type III secretion apparatus, which translocates effector proteins from the bacterium to the host cell, inducing the cell to internalize the bacteria by bacterial-mediated endocytosis (8,11). Proteins involved in this process are encoded by a large cluster of genes collectively termed Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI 1). The ability to grow intracellularly, once internalized within the host cell, requires the coordinate expression of additional sets of virulence factors (6), such as SPI 2 (1, 10).Although chronic carriage of Salmonella is recognized as a significant complication that facilitates spread of the disease (2) and predisposes victims to additional clinical conditions (12, 13) the mechanism underlying persistency has remained poorly understood. We discovered the link between polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase) and chronic infection while characterizing a mutant of Salmonella typhimurium that was defective in its expression of virulence-associated AgfA fimbriae and known to establish persistent infection in BALB͞c mice (14). Materials and Methods Mapping and Sequencing of MC2 Mutation.A random Tn10camd insertion library from S. typhimurium 14028 (22) was transduced into MC1 by P22 transduction selecting for chloramphenicolresistant colonies. Transductants were pooled and used to propagate phage KB1, which was then used to transduce MC2. Chloramphenicol-resistant colonies were screened for agf expression on Congo red pla...

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Cancer mortality in chronic typhoid and paratyphoid carriers

Cited by 171 publications

References 6 publications

Epigenetic Changes in Carcinogenesis of Gallbladder

Epigenetic Changes in Carcinogenesis of Gallbladder

Association of carcinoma of the gallbladder with typhoid carriage in a typhoid endemic area using nested PCR

Polynucleotide phosphorylase is a global regulator of virulence and persistency in Salmonella enterica

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