Cancer mortality and occupational exposure to aromatic amines and inhalable aerosols in rubber tire manufacturing in Poland

Hepatocellular carcinoma and the risk of occupational exposure

“…Maroni et al [105] reported the hepatotoxicity of VCM and other studies have shown the capacity of VCM to Group 1 [76] TCE 79-01-6 Dry cleaning; paint stripping; metal degreasing; production of chlorinated chemical compounds; shoe manufacturing; aircraft/aerospace, electronics and printing industry [125,127] Group 1 [129] PCE 127-18-4 Dry cleaning; textile processing; metal degreasing [138] Group 2A [129] DDT 50-29-3 Farming industry [141,145] Group 2B [148] N-nitrosamines 35576-91-1 Plastic, rubber and pharmacological manufacturing; farming industry; metalworking; electrical component production and use; gasoline and lubricant additives, production and use [159][160][161][162][163][164][165] Group [160,161] TCDD 1746-01-6 Waste management; paper mill; timber manufacturing; iron and steel manufacturing; electric power industry [175,179] Group 1 [76] PeCDF 57117-31-4 Cement and metalworking industry; chemical manufacturing [171,172,175] Group 1 [76] PCB 1336-36-3 Electrical industry, plastic and chemical industry; maintenance/repair technicians of PCB devices [175,[186][187][188][189][190] 1 Group [76,207] PBB Electronics recycling industry; maintenance/repair technicians of PBB devices [209][210][211][212] Group 2A [207] Chloral 75-87-6 Insecticides and herbicide production; p...…”

“…The results were reported in the second (1981) (N-nitrosamines: 2-7, 9-15) and sixth (1991) (N-nitrosamines: 1-8) annual report on carcinogens [159][160][161][162][163] . In environmental surveys of some European rubber factories, de Vocht et al [164] found the average N-nitrosamine levels well below the regulatory limits in force but high accidental exposures have still occurred. In fact, they detected high levels of urinary N-nitrosamines in exposed workers [162,[164][165][166] .…”

“…In environmental surveys of some European rubber factories, de Vocht et al [164] found the average N-nitrosamine levels well below the regulatory limits in force but high accidental exposures have still occurred. In fact, they detected high levels of urinary N-nitrosamines in exposed workers [162,[164][165][166] . Recent studies have reported a correlation between exposure to N-nitrosamines and HCC which might be due to the shortening of telomeres among workers in the rubber industry.…”

N–nitrosamines are associated with shorter telomere length

“…It has been described that the workers in the rubber industry have increased risk of developing several diseases, such as coronary heart (18) and airways diseases (19), as well as cancer (20)(21)(22). The workers are exposed to a complex mixture of toxic substances.…”

Critical evaluation of vinflunine in the treatment of refractory metastatic urothelial carcinoma

“…In Europe and the United States bladder cancer accounts for 5% to 10% of malignancies in men. 3 Cigarette smoking is the primary risk factor, [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] but other risk factors include exposure to arsenic, 11,12 aromatic amines, 13 and aniline dyes. 14 Additionally, chronic Schistosoma haematobium infection has been linked to the squamous cell type of bladder carcinoma, explaining the higher rates observed in parts of Africa and the Middle East.…”