Cancer incidence in Northern Uganda (2013–2016)

Okongo, Francis; Ogwang, David Martin; Liu, Biying; Parkin, Donald Maxwell

doi:10.1002/ijc.32053

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Low utilization of prostate cancer screening have been associated with poor knowledge about prostate cancer and the screening methods in black populations in America and Africa [10, 15, 19, 23, 24]. It is well known that low utilization of prostate screening services contributes to late diagnosis and increased mortality and morbidity related to prostate cancer [1, 4, 5, 25]. Overscreening has potential to cause harm through overdiagnosis and unnessesary invasive procedures, hence its critical that men should be subjected to physical screening based on risk age and having suggestive symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prostate cancer is an adenocarcinoma of the male prostate and is one of the most common cancers in the world and a leading cause of cancer related deaths among men globally [1–3]. While prostate cancer is thus an important health burden among men across the globe, the highest incidence rates are found in sub-Saharan Africa [1, 2, 4, 5]. A systematic review of prostate cancer in Africa estimated an overall continent-wide pooled incidence rate of 21.95/100,000 population [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While screening for prostate cancer using the prostate-specific antigen blood test (PSA) and digital rectal examination (DRE) are effective available measures for early detection of disease, utilization of these services ranges from 0% to 15% in Africa [4, 7–10]. A majority of patients with prostate cancer in Tanzania report to health facilities when the cancer is locally advanced or metastatic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Knowledge, Perceived Risk and Utilization of Prostate Cancer Screening Services among Men in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania

et al. 2019

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Background Late diagnosis of prostate cancer is common in low and middle income countries and contributes to high morbidity and mortality of the disease. Utilization of prostate cancer screening services plays a major role in prevention of adverse outcomes. However, there is limited information on the knowledge about, the perceived risk of, and the utilization of prostate cancer screening in Tanzania. Objective To determine knowledge and perceived risk of prostate cancer, and the utilization of prostate cancer screening services, and associated factors, among men in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Design A population-based cross-sectional study involving men aged 40 years and above living in Dar es Salaam was conducted between May and August, 2018. Methodology Participants were recruited through multistage random sampling and took part in structured face-to-face interviews. Categorical variables were summarized using proportions while continuous variables were summarized as medians and inter-quarterly range (IQR). Chi square test was used to compare differences between proportions, and logistic regression modelling was used to determine factors associated with utilization of prostate cancer screening. Both crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR), with corresponding 95% confidence intervals, are reported. All analyses were two-tailed and the significance level set at 5%. Results A total of 388 men with a median age of 53 years (IQR 44–55) participated. Half (52.1%) had poor knowledge about prostate cancer and prostate cancer screening. A third (32.3%, n = 125) perceived the risk of prostate cancer to be low. Only 30 respondents (7.7%) had ever been screened for prostate cancer. Utilization of prostate cancer screening services was independently associated with age above 60 years [AOR = 21.46, 95% CI: 6.23, 73.93], monthly income above 305 US Dollars [AOR = 15.68, 95% CI: 4.60, 53.48], the perceived risk of prostate cancer [AOR = 16.34, 95% CI: 7.82, 14.92] and knowledge about prostate cancer [AOR = 67.71, 95% CI: 8.20, 559.57]. Conclusions Knowledge about prostate cancer and prostate cancer screening services was low among men in Dar es Salaam with a third perceiving themselves to be at no risk for the disease. Utilization of screening services was low and associated with low income, younger age, low perceived risk of prostate cancer and low knowledge about the disease. Intervention measures aiming to increase knowledge about prostate cancer and screening services, and affordable provision of services, are urgently called for.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Knowledge, Perceived Risk and Utilization of Prostate Cancer Screening Services among Men in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania

et al. 2019

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“…Concerns are increasing that young adults (particularly young men) in the North are presenting to care with advance liver cancer and experiencing rapid progression to death. This is affirmed by recent evidence documenting liver cancer incidence of 12.8 (men) and 6.9 (women) per 100,000 population between 2013–2016 in the Northern region, which is higher than Kampala in Central Uganda as well as most sub-Saharan African countries [ 15 ]. The seemingly ‘sudden’ onset of symptoms and rapid decline in one’s health may be contributing to emergence of stigmas similar to those related to infectious diseases such as ebola and HIV [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Cango Lyec (Healing the Elephant): Chronic Hepatitis B Virus among post-conflict affected populations living in mid-Northern Uganda

et al. 2021

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Background The legacy of war in Northern Uganda continues to impact people’s health and wellbeing in the Acholi region. Despite increasing attention to Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) in Uganda and globally, concerns remain that unique drivers of infection, and barriers to screening, and treatment, persist among those affected by conflict. Methods Cango Lyec (Healing the Elephant) cohort survey involved conflict-affected adults aged 13–49 in three mid-Northern Uganda districts (Gulu, Amuru and Nwoya). Baseline (2011–2012) samples were tested for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), HBV e-antigen (HBeAg), antibodies to HBV surface antigen (HBsAb), antibodies to HBV e-antigen (HBeAb), and antibodies to HBV core antigen (HBcAb). All HBsAg positive samples were tested for IgM antibodies to HBV B core antigen (HBc-IgM) and where available, >6-month follow-up samples were tested for HBeAg and HBV DNA. Data were analyzed using STATA 15 software. Logistic regression accounted for variance due to complex two-stage sampling that included stratification, unequal selection probabilities and community clustering. Odds ratios measured effect potential risk factors associated with chronic HBV infection. Results Among 2,421 participants, 45.7% were still susceptible to HBV infection. HBsAg seropositivity was 11.9% (10.9–13.0), chronic HBV was 11.6% (10.4–12.8), acquired immunity resulting from vaccination was 10.9%, and prior natural infection was 31.5%. Older age (OR:0.570; 95%CI:0.368–0.883) and higher education (OR:0.598; 95%CI:0.412–0.868) were associated with reduced odds of chronic HBV infection. Being male (OR:1.639; 95%CI:1.007–2.669) and having been abducted (OR:1.461; 95%CI:1.055–2.023) were associated with increased odds of infection. Among women, having 1 or 2 pregnancies (compared to none or >2) was associated with increased odds of infection (OR:1.764; 95%CI:1.009–3.084). Conclusion Chronic HBV is endemic in Gulu, Amuru and Nwoya districts. Recommended strategies to reduce post-conflict prevalence include establishment of Northern Uganda Liver Wellness Centres, integration of screening and treatment into antenatal care, and roll out of birth-dose vaccination.

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“…The authors found that although there was a high prevalence of breast cancer in Northern Uganda compared to the rest of the country [24,25], the level of awareness and practices regarding downstaging activities were low/limited. Most participants with the highest quali cation (university degrees) had worked in the Gulu main market for 1-10 years, and vendors had statistically signi cant associations with downstaging awareness and practices (Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, Table 4, Table 5, Table 6, Table 7, Table 8).…”

Section: Sociodemographic Characteristics and Awareness Of Breast Cancer Downstaging Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast cancer awareness and downstaging practices among adult women in the Gulu City Main Market, Northern Uganda: A cross-sectional study

Ayugi

Ndagijimana

Luyima

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers that occur worldwide among women. There were more disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost to breast cancer among women worldwide than any other cancers, and DALYs occurred in women globally after puberty, with increasing rates later in life. Improvements in breast cancer survival began in the 1980s in countries where early detection programs combined with different modes of treatment to eradicate the invasive form of the disease were practiced. Recent data showed that there was a higher prevalence of breast cancer among women in Northern Uganda than among women in the rest of Uganda.The objective of this study was to determine factors associated with breast cancer awareness, breast self-examination (BSE), clinical breast examination (CBE), and other modalities for screening and early breast cancer detection among adult women in the Gulu main market.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Gulu main market in 2020. A total of 98 adult women were recruited for the study by a random sampling method. The questionnaire had an internal validity of Cronbach’s α=0.72. The study was approved by a local IRB. SPSS version 26.0 was used for data analysis, and a p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant.Results: Most participants were 20-29 years 41(41.8%), married 44(44.9%), monthly incomes of >UGX1 million shillings 51(52.2%), Acholi 81(82.7%), Catholics 46(46.9%), vendors 75(76.5%), duration of work in the market (1-10 years) 64(65.4%), primary level of education 39(39.8%), and had 1-2 pregnancies 37(37.8%). The independent factors associated with breast cancer awareness, breast self-examination, and clinical breast examination were vendor (primary occupation) (β=-0.130, t=-2.979, p<0.004), duration of work in the market (1-10 years) (β=-0.186, t=-2.452, p<0.016), and higher level of education (β=-0.091, t=-2.506, p<0.014).Conclusions: Breast cancer awareness and downstaging practices in adult women in the Gulu main market were thought-provoking. Women with better socioeconomic status (higher education, moderate work duration in the market and primarily vendors) in the Gulu main market were more likely aware and practiced breast cancer downstaging activities. There is a need to strengthen publicity on breast cancer-related knowledge for lower-income occupational groups and those with lower education levels to better understand the importance of conducting BSE, CBE, and mammography for early breast cancer detection.

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Cancer incidence in Northern Uganda (2013–2016)

Cited by 18 publications

References 8 publications

Knowledge, Perceived Risk and Utilization of Prostate Cancer Screening Services among Men in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania

Knowledge, Perceived Risk and Utilization of Prostate Cancer Screening Services among Men in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania

Cango Lyec (Healing the Elephant): Chronic Hepatitis B Virus among post-conflict affected populations living in mid-Northern Uganda

Breast cancer awareness and downstaging practices among adult women in the Gulu City Main Market, Northern Uganda: A cross-sectional study

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