Cancer incidence in Nigeria: A report from population-based cancer registries

Abstract

Introduction Cancer has become a major source of morbidity and mortality globally. Despite the threat that cancer poses to public health in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), few countries in this region have data on cancer incidence. In this paper, we present estimates of cancer incidence in Nigeria based on data from 2 population-based cancer registries (PBCR) that are part of the Nigerian national cancer registry program. Materials and methods We analyzed data from 2 population based cancer registries in Nigeria, the Ibadan Population Based Cancer Registry (IBCR) and the Abuja Population Based Cancer Registry (ABCR) covering a 2 year period 2009–2010. Data are reported by registry, gender and in age groups. We present data on the age specific incidence rates of all invasive cancers and report age standardized rates of the most common cancers stratified by gender in both registries. Results The age standardized incidence rate for all invasive cancers from the IBCR was 66.4 per 100 000 men and 130.6 per 100,000 women. In ABCR it was 58.3 per 100 000 for men and 138.6 per 100 000 for women. A total of 3 393 cancer cases were reported by the IBCR. Of these cases, 34% (1 155) were seen among males and 66% (2 238) in females. In Abuja over the same period, 1 128 invasive cancers were reported. 33.6% (389) of these cases were in males and 66.4% (768) in females. Mean age of diagnosis of all cancers in men for Ibadan and Abuja were 51.1 and 49.9 years respectively. For women, mean age of diagnosis of all cancers in Ibadan and Abuja were 49.1 and 45.4 respectively. Breast and cervical cancer were the commonest cancers among women and prostate cancer the most common among men. Breast cancer age standardized incidence rate (ASR) at the IBCR was 52.0 per 100 000 in IBCR and 64.6 per 100 000 in ABCR. Cervical cancer ASR at the IBCR was 36.0 per 100 000 and 30.3 per 100 000 at the ABCR. The observed differences in incidence rates of breast, cervical and prostate cancer between Ibadan and Abuja, were not statistically significant. Conclusion Cancer incidence data from two population based cancer registries in Nigeria suggests substantial increase in incidence of breast cancer in recent times. This paper highlights the need for high quality regional cancer registries in Nigeria and other SSA countries.

The prevalence of practicing breast self-examination and knowledge of breast cancer disease among women attending secondary health facility

“…Jedy-Agba et al reported an increase in the incidence of breast cancer from 33.6 per 100,000 in 1992 to 52.0 and 64.6 per 100,000 in 2012 in Ibadan and Abuja cities of Nigeria. 3 Other studies have shown breast cancer as the leading malignancy among women having overtaken cervical cancer and is characterized by younger age distribution, more advanced stage of the disease and high mortality. 4,5 Late presentation is the hallmark of the disease in Nigeria and other developing countries.…”

Knowledge of breast cancer and practice of self-breast examination among female undergraduates in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

“…2,3 In Nigeria, a recent review of cancer registries reported a 100% increase in the incidence of breast cancer in women within the last decade, rising from 24.7 per 100,000 in 1998-1999 to 54.3 per 100,000 in 2009 to 2010. 4 The rising incidence and mortality from breast cancer in developing countries is a cause of concern to governments and policy makers.…”

Pattern of Cancers Treated with Radiotherapy in Uduth Sokoto: A New Center Experience

“…Similar studies in Nigeria and Uganda also reported cervical and breast cancers as the most common female cancers [9][10][11]. This finding is contrary to what was reported by Jedy-Agba et al, and Iseh and Malami showing breast cancer as the commonest followed by cervical cancer [17,18]. The Pattern of presentation was disturbing, as most of the patients presented in the late stages of the cancer.…”